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Microplastics in food and beyond: What analytical needs?

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This French habilitation thesis presents a body of research on methods for extracting, identifying, and quantifying microplastics in seafood and other food matrices, framed within the One Health concept linking environmental, animal, and human health. The author developed and harmonized analytical approaches to estimate human exposure across different sample types, while also characterizing plastic additives and assessing their biological impacts. The work underscores the need for standardized, multidisciplinary methods to properly evaluate microplastic risks throughout the food chain.

La recherche sur les microplastiques s’est largement développée sur la dernière décennie. Si la majorité des travaux s’est tout d’abord focalisée sur l’étude de l’impact sur l’environnement marin, c’est par le prisme de la sécurité sanitaire des produits de la pêche que j’ai étudié cette suite de contaminants. Le concept One Health - une seule santé, nous rappelle que santé de l’animal, de l’environnement et de l’être humain sont liées. Dans ce cadre, j’ai ainsi travaillé au-delà de mon domaine habituel de recherche avec des chercheurs spécialisés de l’environnement marin ainsi que de la santé humaine, tant les questions posées en matière de contaminations par les microplastiques nécessitent une approche pluridisciplinaire. Ainsi, j’ai orienté mon travail de recherche principalement vers les méthodes d’extraction et d’identification des microplastiques dans un contexte d’harmonisation des pratiques afin d’estimer les niveaux d’exposition dans différentes matrices. En parallèle, j’ai également mené des travaux pour caractériser les additifs plastiques organiques présents dans les matières plastiques et participé à l’évaluation de l’impact des microplastiques et additifs chez l’être humain et l’animal. L’ensemble de ces thèmes est développé dans le cadre de ce travail en vue de l’obtention de mon habilitation à diriger des recherches.

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