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Microplastics in food and beyond: What analytical needs?
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This French habilitation thesis presents a body of research on methods for extracting, identifying, and quantifying microplastics in seafood and other food matrices, framed within the One Health concept linking environmental, animal, and human health. The author developed and harmonized analytical approaches to estimate human exposure across different sample types, while also characterizing plastic additives and assessing their biological impacts. The work underscores the need for standardized, multidisciplinary methods to properly evaluate microplastic risks throughout the food chain.
La recherche sur les microplastiques s’est largement développée sur la dernière décennie. Si la majorité des travaux s’est tout d’abord focalisée sur l’étude de l’impact sur l’environnement marin, c’est par le prisme de la sécurité sanitaire des produits de la pêche que j’ai étudié cette suite de contaminants. Le concept One Health - une seule santé, nous rappelle que santé de l’animal, de l’environnement et de l’être humain sont liées. Dans ce cadre, j’ai ainsi travaillé au-delà de mon domaine habituel de recherche avec des chercheurs spécialisés de l’environnement marin ainsi que de la santé humaine, tant les questions posées en matière de contaminations par les microplastiques nécessitent une approche pluridisciplinaire. Ainsi, j’ai orienté mon travail de recherche principalement vers les méthodes d’extraction et d’identification des microplastiques dans un contexte d’harmonisation des pratiques afin d’estimer les niveaux d’exposition dans différentes matrices. En parallèle, j’ai également mené des travaux pour caractériser les additifs plastiques organiques présents dans les matières plastiques et participé à l’évaluation de l’impact des microplastiques et additifs chez l’être humain et l’animal. L’ensemble de ces thèmes est développé dans le cadre de ce travail en vue de l’obtention de mon habilitation à diriger des recherches.
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Microplastics in food - a critical approach to definition, sample preparation, and characterisation
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This review critically examines how microplastics in food are defined, extracted, and analyzed across different studies, finding significant inconsistencies that make it hard to compare results. The lack of standardized methods for isolating and identifying microplastics in food means that contamination levels may be over- or underestimated. The authors call for unified research methods to enable credible assessments of how dietary microplastic exposure affects health.
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This critical review evaluates the various methods used to extract and detect microplastics in food and marine samples, from sample preparation to analytical identification. Researchers found significant inconsistencies across studies in how microplastics are separated, quantified, and characterized, making it difficult to compare results. The study calls for standardized protocols to enable more reliable assessments of microplastic contamination in food and the environment.
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This review takes a "One Health" approach to microplastics, examining how they affect animal health, human health, and the environment as interconnected systems. The authors caution that many lab studies use microplastic concentrations far higher than what is found in nature, making their results hard to apply to real-world risk. However, they note that microplastics can indirectly affect human health by disrupting ecosystems and soil processes that support food production and clean water.
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