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Valorization of agro-industrial waste from the cassava industry as esterified cellulose butyrate for polyhydroxybutyrate-based biocomposites
Summary
This study produced biodegradable biocomposites from cassava pulp microcrystalline cellulose and in-house synthesized polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biopolymer. The cassava agro-industrial waste-based materials offer a sustainable alternative to petroleum-based plastics for packaging applications, with the potential to reduce environmental microplastic accumulation.
The aim of this study was to utilize cassava pulp to prepare biocomposites comprising microcrystalline cellulose from cassava pulp (CP-MCC) as a filler and polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) synthesized in-house by Cupriavidus necator strain A-04. The CP-MCC was extracted from fresh cassava pulp. Next, the CP-MCC surface was modified with butyryl chloride (esterified to CP-MCC butyrate) to improve dissolution and compatibility with the PHB. FTIR results confirmed that the esterified CP-MCC butyrate had aliphatic chains replacing the hydroxyl groups; this substitution increased the solubilities in acetone, chloroform, and tetrahydrofuran. Biocomposite films were prepared by varying the composition of esterified CP-MCC butyrate as a filler in the PHB matrix at 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 100 wt%. The results for the 95:5 and 90:10 CP-MCC butyrate biocomposite films showed that esterification led to improvements in the thermal properties and increased tensile strengths and elongations at break. All prepared biocomposite films maintained full biodegradability.
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