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Recent Advances on Impact, Hazard, and Microbial Bioremediation of Microplastics in Marine Ecosystems: Challenges and Artificial Intelligence Way Forward
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This comprehensive review of marine microplastic research spanning 1966-2025 analyzed weathering mechanisms, ecological impacts, pollutant transport roles, and emerging AI-assisted detection and bioremediation strategies. Understanding how microplastics persist and move through marine food webs is essential for estimating cumulative human exposure via seafood consumption and guiding policy interventions.
Microplastic (MP) pollution has become a widespread and complicated threat to marine ecosystems, causing major problems for both the environment and the community. This review puts together and analyzes published literature between 1966 and 2025. In this review, an extensive analysis was conducted to explore notable progressions on microplastics inside marine ecosystems, encompassing diverse aspects. Their formation through weathering and degradation mechanisms were reviewed. This review emphasized the long-lasting nature of microplastics in marine ecosystems. An in-depth review of the detrimental consequences of microplastics on marine ecosystems was highlighted, spanning the physical damage inflicted upon species, the effects resulting from ingestion, and their function as transporters for pollutants. We examined the needed regulatory environment and comprehensive policy-frameworks to effectively tackle this widespread global issue. Additionally, the contribution of microorganisms in the degradation of microplastics, providing valuable knowledge on potential strategies for bioremediation and the underlying microbiological mechanisms was studied. This analysis highlights the complex biological interdependencies and subsequent consequences within marine food chains, thus emphasizing the urgent need for proactive measures. This review takes a new approach by using Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a helpful tool for finding MP, modeling it, and improving the efficiency of microbial degradation. We look at how AI-assisted spectroscopy, machine learning models, and autonomous surveillance technologies can help make real-time remediation systems. This review connects environmental microbiology, toxicology, and data science to create a transdisciplinary roadmap for dealing with marine microplastic pollution. It also suggests flexible plans for future biotechnological and regulatory actions.
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Microplastic Pollution in Marine Ecosystem and Its Remediation
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Researchers reviewed the sources, distribution, and remediation strategies for microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems, tracing the escalating environmental burden from decades of unchecked plastic production. Marine microplastics are ingested by a wide range of species across trophic levels, creating bioaccumulation pathways that ultimately deliver plastic particles and their associated chemical contaminants to seafood consumed by humans.
A Review on Aquatic Impacts of Microplastics and Its Bioremediation Aspects
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Microplastics enter aquatic ecosystems through improper disposal, causing reduced feeding, lower fecundity, inflammation, and gene-level changes in aquatic organisms. Bacterial biodegradation shows promise as an eco-friendly remediation approach, as microbes can enzymatically break down plastic particles into carbon dioxide, methane, and water.
Microbial Degradation of Marine Plastics: Current State and Future Prospects
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Microbial degradation offers a promising biological pathway for breaking down the millions of tons of plastic entering the ocean each year, though current microbial capabilities remain limited compared to the scale of the problem. Understanding which microorganisms can metabolize specific polymers is critical for developing bioremediation strategies that could reduce the long-term accumulation of microplastics in marine ecosystems.
Microplastics in aquatic environments: Bridging occurrence and mitigation through machine learning detection and bioremediation strategies
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Tiny plastic particles called microplastics are showing up in shockingly high amounts in our water, sometimes millions of particles per liter, and they can end up affecting both aquatic life and, potentially, the food and water we consume. This review paper (summarizing existing research) highlights two promising solutions: certain fungi and algae that can remove over 90% of microplastics from water in lab settings, and AI tools that can quickly detect and track plastic pollution. The catch is that these cleanup methods work great in controlled settings but haven't yet been proven to work reliably in messy, real-world water systems.
Microplastic Pollution: Harmful Effects and Possible Bioremediation Strategies
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This review examines the harmful effects of microplastic pollution on terrestrial and marine ecosystems and surveys potential bioremediation strategies — including microbial, phytoremediation, and combined approaches — for mitigating contamination. Given that microplastics persist indefinitely in the environment and accumulate in food webs, identifying effective bioremediation pathways is essential for reducing the chronic dietary and environmental exposure burden on human and animal populations.
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