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The application of human-derived cell lines in neurotoxicity studies of environmental pollutants
Summary
This review examines how human-derived neural cell lines, particularly neuroblastoma cells and stem cell-derived neurons, are being used to study the brain-damaging effects of environmental pollutants. Researchers summarized findings showing these cell models can effectively reveal how substances like heavy metals, pesticides, and plastic-associated chemicals cause nerve cell damage. The study highlights the value of these laboratory tools for understanding how environmental contaminants may contribute to neurological problems.
As industrial and societal advancements progress, an increasing number of environmental pollutants linked to human existence have been substantiated to elicit neurotoxicity and developmental neural toxicity. For research in this field, human-derived neural cell lines have become excellent in vitro models. This study examines the utilization of immortalized cell lines, specifically the SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cell line, and neural cells derived from human pluripotent stem cells, in the investigation of neurotoxicity and developmental neural toxicity caused by environmental pollutants. The study also explores the culturing techniques employed for these cell lines and provides an overview of the standardized assays used to assess various biological endpoints. The environmental pollutants involved include a variety of organic compounds, heavy metals, and microplastics. The utilization of cell lines derived from human sources holds significant significance in elucidating the neurotoxic effects of environmental pollutants and the underlying mechanisms. Finally, we propose the possibility of improving the in vitro model of the human nervous system and the toxicity detection methods.