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Systematic Review: Efek Nanoplastik terhadap Metilasi DNA pada Manusia
Summary
This systematic review, written in Indonesian, examines how nanoplastics may affect DNA methylation in humans — a process that controls which genes are turned on or off. Changes in DNA methylation can influence disease risk, including cancer. The review highlights an important but understudied pathway through which tiny plastic particles could affect human health at the genetic level.
Latar Belakang: Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, polusi akan plastik menjadi semakin meningkat dan hal ini menjadi masalah di seluruh dunia terutama di negara yang berkembang akibat jumlahnya yang sangat besar, sifatnya yang persisten, serta penggunaannya yang meluas. Tujuan: Tujuan penulisan systematic review ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek nanoplastik terhadap metilasi deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) pada manusia. Metode: Metode yang digunakan adalah PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses). Pencarian data berupa artikel atau jurnal dilakukan dengan menggunakan kata kunci “nanoplastics” dan “DNA methylation”. Kriteria inklusi yang digunakan adalah populasi manusia, efek nanoplastik, jenis nanoplastik, jumlah serta waktu paparan, dan metilasi DNA. Sumber data yang digunakan berasal dari google scholar, dengan tahun publikasi dimulai dari tahun 2017-2022, dan bahasa yang digunakan adalah bahasa inggris Ulasan: Total data berdasarkan pencarian menggunakan kata kunci “nanoplastics” dan “DNA Methylation” (n=94), fokus pada artikel kajian dan penelitian serta free full text dengan tahun publikasi adalah 5 tahun terakhir (n=29), kemudian disesuaikan kriteria inklusi (n=13). Kesimpulan: Menurut hasil systematic review didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara nanoplastik dan metilasi DNA. Namun, hasil ini memiliki keterbatasan sehingga perlu dilakukan riset dengan subjek yang berfokus pada pekerja. Selain itu, systematic review ini belum dapat menjelaskan efek khusus pada pekerja di bidang industri karena keterbatasan literatur yang didapatkan.
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