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Caractérisation de l’état de contamination de l’axe Seine
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A multidisciplinary study of the Seine River in France used passive samplers, caged organisms, and direct water and sediment sampling to characterize contamination across the basin, documenting microplastics, PFAS, antibiotics, pesticides, and metals in both water and biota. Microplastic concentrations were measured in river water and flood deposits, and results showed a clear upstream-to-downstream contamination gradient driven by Paris-region urbanization. The dataset provides one of the most comprehensive multi-contaminant profiles of a major European river system.
This chapter presents a characterization of the state of contamination of the Seine River and its longitudinal variability from upstream to downstream, at the basin scale. Seven studies dealt with this topic during the 8th phase of the PIREN-Seine program by combining different approaches and disciplines: from environmental chemistry to ecotoxicology, from environmental microbiology to mineralogy.Several sampling campaigns have been organized in different hydrological and meteorological conditions. These campaigns were multi-team and multidisciplinary and allowed to carry out a large number of analyses to characterize the state of contamination of the Seine using complementary approaches.The sampling sites are located along the longitudinal axis of the Seine River and are representative of different levels of urbanization and anthropogenic pressure. The four historic sites of Marnay-sur-Seine, Bougival, Triel-sur-Seine and Poses were sampled, as well as other sites which were sampled for specific studies.River water samples were collected directly (grab sampling) at the different sites. Integrated measurements have also been carried out through the use of devices such as passive samplers, silicone sheets, particle and biofilm traps, but also with the caging of biomarker organisms. Contamination was assessed in both abiotic (water, sediment, suspended matter) and biotic (biofilms, zebra mussels, European chub) compartments.The seven studies presented in this chapter cover the following themes: use of zebra mussels for biomonitoring the quality of water bodies; measurement of polyfluoroalkyl (PFAS) and chloroalkane contents in two sentinel organisms (zebra mussels, European chub) and in their environment; monitoring the quality of organic matter along the Seine River using spectroscopic and molecular tools; analysis of concentrations of organic contaminants in the Seine River (antibiotics, pesticides, pharmaceutical products, phthalates, etc.); analysis of microplastic concentrations in the Seine River and in its flood deposits; development of a methodology for the analysis of nanoparticles in the Seine River and in the dreissenes; study of biofilms: structure of microbial communities and their mechanisms of resistance to trace metals, accumulation of metals, quality of organic matter, concentration of organic pollutants and of PFAS.A first interpretation of some of these numerous results was carried out through two principal component analyses.For some variables, the results show an upstream-downstream contamination gradient, highlighting the impact of anthropogenic pressure from the Paris region on water quality. For other variables, the results show instead a great variability between sites and campaigns, without specifying a clear upstream-downstream trend, which is sometimes due to the influence of local and complex processes.All the results provided by these studies constitute an important data set which will make it possible to deepen the characterization of the current state of contamination of the Seine River and to analyze the relationships between the different measures variables.
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