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Alleviating effect of EMs on oxidative stress and inflammation of Micropterus salmoides after microplastics exposure
Summary
Exposure and depuration experiments in juvenile largemouth bass showed that effective microorganisms (EMs) increased microplastic accumulation in the intestine while also accelerating recovery from oxidative stress and inflammation during the depuration phase. These results reveal a trade-off in using beneficial microbes in aquaculture systems: while EMs aid recovery from microplastic toxicity, they may also increase initial plastic uptake into fish tissues relevant to the human food chain.
In order to examine the distribution and accumulation patterns of microplastics (MPs) in conjunction with effective microorganisms (EMs), as well as their collective impact on oxidative stress, inflammatory damage, and immune regulation in juvenile Micropterus salmoides (M. salmoides), a series of exposure (96 h) and depuration (D 96 h) experiments with MPs and EMs were conducted. The results showed that the highest abundance of MPs appeared in the biological samples in the EMs with MPs group (EP group) at 96 h. The highest abundance of MPs in the sediment occurred in the MPs group (P group) at 96 h with 507 items/mL and in the water samples at 48 h in the P group with 141.75 items/mL. The addition of EMs increased the content of MPs in the intestine of M. salmoides and reduced the MPs content in the water and sediment. The expression of Nrf2 and SOD in the intestinal in the EP group compared with the control group (C group) showed significant differences at 48 h. After D 96 h, the expression of SOD and GPX in the MPs + EMs (P-E) (EP group) was significantly higher than the C group. IL-8 and TNF-α in the intestine and gill in the P group were significantly higher than the C group at 96 h, and it began to show a decreasing trend after D 96 h. These results revealed that the addition of EMs increased the enrichment of MPs in M. salmoides, while it promoted the recovery of M. salmoides from adverse effects during the depuration phase. These findings can help us understand the responses of MPs with microorganisms in aquaculture.