Addressing the Microplastic Dilemma in Soil and Sediment with Focus on Biochar-Based Remediation Techniques: Review

Microplastic (MP) pollution is a widespread global environmental concern, representing an emerging contaminant with major implications for ecosystems and human well-being. While extensive research has focused on MPs in aquatic environments, their impact on sediments and soils remains inadequately explored. Studies have confirmed the harmful effects of MPs on soil and sediment biota, as well as on the properties of these ecosystems. Furthermore, the long-term persistence of MPs within the environment contributes to their accumulation in terrestrial and marine food chains, with potential consequences for groundwater quality. Although several methods have been applied to mitigate MP pollution, some methods have drawbacks and some are not studied well, necessitating the urgent exploration of novel, sustainable, and eco-friendly approaches. Biochar is a remarkable solution for pollution removal; recently it has been used in addressing the increasingly concerning issue of microplastic contamination. This review aims to shed light on the difficulty posed by MPs in soils and sediments, while highlighting the remediation methods and the potential advantages of utilizing BC as an environmentally friendly solution for MP removal and remediation.