Nanoplastics and lithium accumulation in soil–plant systems: Assessing uptake, toxicological effects, and potential synergistic interactions

Serious environmental concerns are associated with lithium and nanoplastics. Batteries of electronic devices use a considerable quantity of lithium, while nanoplastics (<1 μm) are found in many everyday products or come from the breakdown of large chunks of plastic waste, making them a significant hazard. These contaminants may also affect plant physiology and gene expression, affecting organisms across trophic levels. However, lithium-resistant bacteria and biochar can reduce the toxicity of emerging contaminants. An eco-corona could protect plants from emerging contaminants. Bioremediation may reduce the effects of these contaminants on plant health and the environment. This article summarizes recent research investigating the impact of lithium, nanoplastics, and other emerging contaminants on plant growth and development, along with a limited exploration of bioremediation strategies. It surveys these topics to protect the environment and promote sustainability.