Analysis of the ecological and economic efficiency of the functioning of the regions of the Volga Federal District

The article presents a comparative analysis of the ecological and economic efficiency of the functioning of the natural, social and production systems (NSPS) of the Volga Federal District in the context of its constituent regions. The study is based on the calculation of specific indicators of the environmental intensity of the subjects of the Russian Federation, taking into account three interrelated factors of the functioning of the systems: territorial (extent, area of the subject); social (population); economic (economic resources and opportunities of the region). Thus, in the course of the study, the indicators of environmental intensity were calculated depending on the area of the subject of the Russian Federation, its population and the gross regional product. The article presents a comparative characteristic of the regions of the Volga Federal District according to these indicators, the main conclusions concerning the ecological and economic efficiency of the NSPS of the Volga Federal District are made. The study showed significant differences in the ecological and economic efficiency of the functioning of the NSPS of the regions that make up the Volga Federal District, which indicates significant imbalances in their development. The Republic of Tatarstan has one of the worst indicators of specific emissions in the territorial aspect, but occupies a leading position in terms of specific emissions per unit of gross regional product. In other words, in the Republic much attention is paid to the issues of environmental efficiency of production. The Kirov region can be characterized as a region with a low level of environmental and economic efficiency of the functioning of the NSPS, therefore, in the strategic planning of the territory, special attention should be paid to the introduction of modern low-waste and waste-free production technologies.