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Investigación en nuevas técnicas de microencapsulación biodegradables de fragancias para el sector de detergencia que eviten la liberación de microplásticos al medio ambiente

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Arianne López Hernández

Summary

This study investigates biodegradable microencapsulation techniques for fragrances used in laundry and personal care products, aiming to replace conventional plastic microcapsules that release microplastics into the environment during washing. The research develops new polymer matrices that deliver fragrance performance while breaking down naturally, avoiding microplastic pollution.

(English) Getting to give added value in the different products that are nowadays in the market has not been easy. Since many years ago we have worked on the addition of fragrances in different articles. This added value has been achieved thanks to the microencapsulation of fragrances. The term microcapsules is the storage technology that allows to isolate any liquid or solid product with a polymer matrix. This polymer is responsible for controlling and protecting the system from possible interactions between the inside and outside the capsule. For more than half a century, fragrance encapsulation has been used and, for more than 15 years in the detergent sector, especially in fabric softeners, using products that were not exempt from the creation of microplastics where the regulatory theoretical framework is increasingly demanding. These products were based on the use through the process of in-situ polymerization with the generation of aminoplastic resins and the release of toxic products, such as formaldehyde. Currently, the European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) has proposed a restriction on the use of microplastics in products marketed in both Europe and the United States to prevent their release into the environment. In this way, the company CARINSA and the Polytechnic University of Catalonia, through the research center (INTEXTER), have joined together the industrial doctorate to find a solution. This solution consists of a domestic use product using sustainable, natural and biodegradable materials, assuming the same benefits that classic capsules have and are currently on the market. Therefore, the main goal of this thesis lies in the development of two encapsulation methodologies to study the different properties, stability and behaviour in both a softener and final product. (Español) Conseguir dar un valor añadido en los diferentes productos que se encuentran hoy en día en el mercado no ha sido fácil, des de hace años se ha trabajado en la adición de las fragancias en diferentes artículos. Este valor añadido se ha podido conseguir gracias a la microencapsulación de fragancias. Se conoce al término de microcápsulas a la tecnología de almacenamiento que permite aislar cualquier producto líquido o sólido con una matriz polimérica. Este polímero es el encargado de controlar y proteger el sistema de posibles interacciones entre el interior y el exterior de la cápsula. Desde más de medio siglo se ha utilizado la encapsulación de fragancias y más de 15 aæos la en el sector de la detergencia, especialmente en los suavizantes, utilizando productos que no estaban exentos de la formación de microplásticos donde cada vez el marco teórico regulativo es más exigente. Estos productos se basaban en la utilización mediante el proceso de polimerización in-situ con la generación de resinas aminoplásticas y la liberación de productos tóxicos como el formaldehído. Actualmente, la agencia Europea de sustancias y mezclas químicas (ECHA) ha propuesto una restricción sobre el uso de microplásticos en productos comercializados tanto en Europa y Estados Unidos para evitar su liberación en el medio ambiente. De esta manera, la empresa CARINSA y la universidad politécnica de Catalunya mediante el centro de investigación (INTEXTER) se han unido mediante el doctorado industrial para encontrar una solución. Esta solución consta de un producto para el uso doméstico utilizando materiales sostenibles, naturales y biodegradables, asumiendo las mismas prestaciones que poseen las cápsulas clásicas y se encuentran actualmente en el mercado. Por tanto, el objetivo principal de esta tesis radica en el desarrollo de dos metodologías de encapsulación para estudiar las diferentes propiedades, estabilidad y comportamiento tanto en un suavizante como a producto final.

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