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Análise de técnicas de remediação para a mitigação de micro e nanoplásticos em oceanos com base na revisão da literatura
Summary
This review analyzed scientific literature on remediation techniques for removing micro- and nanoplastics from ocean environments, identifying and comparing two key approaches: the first focused on membrane-based methods — ultrafiltration, membrane bioreactors, and dynamic membrane technology — for wastewater treatment, and the second examined nanomaterials as adsorbents. Membrane technologies demonstrated high removal efficiency for micro- and nanoplastics, though each method presents implementation challenges that require further research.
A preocupação global com a presença crescente de microplásticos (MPs) e nanoplásticos (NPs) em ecossistema marinho tem impulsionado a pesquisa de métodos eficazes de remoção desses poluentes. Diante disto, foi realizada uma extensa pesquisa bibliográfica em publicações científicas relacionadas ao tema e dentre os estudos identificados, dois foram selecionados e analisados com abordagens específicas: o primeiro explorou métodos de identificação e remoção, enquanto o segundo, examinou nanomateriais como adsorventes. O primeiro artigo destacou a eficiência das membranas em técnicas como ultrafiltração (UF), Biorreatores de membranas (MBR) e Tecnologia de Membrana Dinâmica (DM) para serem empregadas no tratamento de águas residuais e remover MPs e NPs com uma maior eficiência. Embora tenham alcançado eficiências notáveis (técnica de membrana de 40 a 99,99%), a análise crítica apontou a necessidade de apresentar mais detalhes sobre as vantagens e desvantagens dessas técnicas, custos de implementação e manutenção. O segundo concentrou-se em nanomateriais, como Metal-Orgânicos (MOFs) e Nanomateriais à base de Carbono (NC), para adsorção de MPs e NPs. Apesar de alcançarem alto desempenho (de 71 a 100%), a análise crítica destacou a necessidade de melhorias em estudos em escala piloto e na síntese de adsorventes seletivos. Ambos os artigos sublinharam a importância de desenvolver técnicas sustentáveis para combater a poluição por MPs e NPs. Em síntese, a busca por soluções de remoção de micro e nanoplásticos está em andamento, com avanços promissores. Contudo, é crucial abordar desafios específicos e realizar análises mais abrangentes para garantir a eficácia, a sustentabilidade e a segurança ambiental desses métodos inovadores.
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