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Bioindicators of the impacts by microplastics in soil: A Systematic Review : a systematic review
Summary
This systematic review identifies organisms that can serve as bioindicators — living warning signs — for microplastic contamination in soil. Certain earthworms, springtails, and other soil creatures show measurable changes when exposed to microplastics, making them useful tools for monitoring pollution levels. Using these natural indicators could help farmers and environmental managers detect microplastic problems before they worsen.
Este estudo apresenta a revisão sistemática da literatura realizada para identificar os principais organismos que podem ser utilizados como bioindicadores dos impactos causados por microplásticos no solo, de forma a subsidiar estratégias de gerenciamento ambiental mais eficazes. A partir de um levantamento inicial nas bases de dados Scopus, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate e Springer, foram identificados inicialmente 738 artigos, dos quais 29 foram selecionados para análise estatística. Os artigos foram classificados quanto à(s) espécie(s) avaliadas, os efeitos observados decorrentes da exposição a microplásticos, além da distribuição espacial e temporal das informações levantadas. Verificou-se que várias espécies podem atuar como importantes bioindicadores da presença e dos impactos dos microplásticos no ambiente terrestre. Entre essas espécies estão os invertebrados Eisenia fetida (minhoca vermelha), Achatina fulica (caramujo-africano), Lumbricus terrestris L. (minhoca), colêmbolos do solo (Folsomia candida), abelhas (Apis mellifera and Apis cerana), insetos (Bombyx mori), Enchytraeus crypticus e o pássaro (Corvus splendens); além de impactos na interação da moscados- fungos (Bradysia difformis) com plantas da espécie leguminosa lentilha (Lens culinaris). Espécies de flora terrestre como Lepidium sativum (agrião), Lolium perene (azevém), Triticum aestivum L. (trigo) e Vicia faba (fava) também foram avaliadas nos estudos revisados. Cabe salientar que, embora este seja um tema que vem avançando rapidamente nos últimos oito anos, mais pesquisas científicas são necessárias para que novas espécies terrestres sejam avaliadas e alcancem a análise em larga escala, uma vez que a grande maioria dos estudos ainda descrevem ensaios em escala de bancada.
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