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Microplastics in Feed Affect the Toxicokinetics of Persistent Halogenated Pollutants in Atlantic Salmon
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This review examined how microplastics interact with heavy metals in aquatic environments, showing that temperature, pH, salinity, polymer type, and particle size modulate adsorption, desorption, and combined toxicity, with MPs acting as mobile heavy metal carriers throughout aquatic food webs. Understanding the synergistic toxicity of MPs and heavy metals is essential because their combined effects on aquatic organisms—and on humans consuming contaminated seafood—likely exceed the hazard of either pollutant alone.
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Microplastics act as environmental sponges, sorbing organic compounds, heavy metals, and other emerging contaminants from surrounding ecosystems and concentrating them as they move up the food chain through bioaccumulation. This vector effect means that ingesting microplastics carries a compounded toxicological risk beyond the plastic particles themselves, amplifying exposure to multiple co-contaminants simultaneously.
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Atlantic salmon fed diets where persistent organic pollutants were pre-sorbed onto 125-250 micron microplastics accumulated more POPs in their fillets than fish fed contaminated feed without microplastics. Depuration was also slower for several contaminants in the microplastic-exposed group, suggesting that microplastics alter toxicokinetics in fish.
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Microplastics act as vectors for environmental pollutants including heavy metals and persistent organic compounds, concentrating these toxins on their surfaces and transferring them through food webs via bioaccumulation. This vector effect amplifies the health risks of microplastic ingestion beyond the particles themselves, compounding toxic exposure in humans and wildlife.
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