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Analysis of marine debris characteristics in the Mandalika special economic zone (SEZ), Lombok
Summary
Marine debris characteristics were analyzed at four beaches in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone in Lombok, Indonesia, a popular international tourism destination hosting major events. The study quantified debris types and quantities to inform mitigation strategies protecting coastal tourism infrastructure and marine ecosystem health.
The Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) offers beautiful coastal and underwater marine tourism. Marine tourism destinations around the Mandalika SEZ are Tanjung Aan Beach, Seger Beach, Gerupuk Beach, and Batu Berang Beach. This place is also the host of an international-scale agenda so that it will get domestic and foreign tourist visits that continue to increase. This can be a threat, especially in the aspect of waste that will disrupt environmental sustainability. Marine debris in the form of debris can reduce tourist visits which will lead to a decrease in income. A comprehensive mitigation strategy is needed to minimize negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the amount and composition of marine debris based on location and typology as the basis for formulating marine debris mitigation efforts. The study was conducted in the Mandalika SEZ with a typology of sandy beaches, rocky beaches, and fishing areas, namely Tanjung Aan Beach, Batu Berang Beach, and Tanjung Aan Beach fishing locations. Types of data taken in the form of waste size (macro and meso), weight (M), composition (%), and density (K) of waste. Marine debris data was collected by survey method and mitigation strategy data was collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents. Analysis of the data in the form of size, weight, and density of waste quantitatively. The results showed that the characteristics of the waste from the three locations varied. The average density of macro waste on the coast of the Mandalika SEZ area is 0.05–0.08 items/m2, with the total dominant fabric material being 0.30 items/m2 and plastic 0.09 items/m2. Meanwhile, the average density of meso waste on the coast of the Mandalika SEZ area is 0.08–0.41 items/m2, which is dominated by wood material 0.41 items/m2, cloth material 0.24 items/m2 and plastic foam material 0.16 items/m2. From the results of interviews on mitigation strategies in the management of coastal areas from shipping waste or anthropogenic effects, including sorting organic and inorganic waste in various coastal typologies by visitors and managers by preparing facilities and infrastructure by tourism managers and village governments, selling anorganic waste in the form of plastic, rubber, fabric, glass, and ceramics in various coastal typologies for the welfare of local communities, as well as drafting regulations governing the management of marine debris in tourist areas as an economic potential.
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