Potential Harmful Impacts of Micro- and Nanoplastics on the Health of a Tropical Sea Cucumber, Holothuria Leucospilota , Evidenced by Changes of Gut Microflora, Histology, Immune and Oxidative Indexes

Water Temperature and Microplastic Concentration Influenced Microplastic Ingestion and Retention Rates in Sea Cucumber (Holothuria cinerascens Brandt, 1835)

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Researchers found that rising water temperatures and higher microplastic concentrations cause sea cucumbers to ingest and retain more plastic particles, raising concerns that climate change could amplify the harm microplastics cause to marine invertebrates that play a key role in seafloor ecosystems.

Microplastic Depuration Effectiveness in Lolyfish Sea Cucumber, Holothuria atra

The Effects of Microplastic Pollution on Marine Organisms and its Impact on Human Health: A Review

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Researchers reviewed how microplastics affect major marine taxa — from plankton to marine mammals — documenting impacts including reduced growth and reproduction, behavioral disruption, and inflammatory responses, while also assessing pathways through which MP-contaminated seafood and drinking water translate ocean pollution into risks for human health.

Nanoplastic exposure alters oxidative stress, immunity, and digestive function in Pinctada fucata martensii

Microplastic as a Pathogenic Vector to Cause Diseases in Marine Biota

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Researchers examining microplastics as pathogenic vectors in marine environments found that these particles adsorb and concentrate pollutants and pathogens, facilitating their transfer through food chains and causing ecological harm to marine biota, terrestrial life, and ultimately humans.