A Mini-Review of Microplastics in Aquaculture: Sources, Toxicity, Countermeasures and Prospects

Plastic waste has become an environmental problem of global concern. Since microplastics (MP) are accumulated in all marine compartments due to direct emissions from the fragmentation or technosphere of macroplastic waste, they constitute a potential risk for aquatic organisms that ingest them as well as for humans through the consumption of fishery products. Data on the effects and damages that MP debris may exert on marine biota and marine food supply chains is scarce, hence, the study of microplastics impact in aquaculture has become a universal research hotspot. This review shed light an overview on sources of MP, their deleterious impact on marine environment, their toxicological effects on marine organisms by affecting their survival rate, growth, behavior and reproduction which ultimately will reduce the economic benefits of aquaculture. Moreover, the potential health risks that MP pose to human at multiple levels through aquaculture products consumption are also discussed. Strengthening aquaculture management, ecological interception and purification as well as improving fishing gear and packaging are considered to be effective removal strategies for controlling MP pollution. As practical measures, new remote sensing technology and portable MP monitoring system are two prospects known to be widely applied. Finally, the supervision of MP pollution in aquaculture must be established by enforcing rapid waste management policies and strengthening the construction of laws and regulations.