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The Potential of Algae-Based Nutrient Removal in Wastewater Treatment
Summary
Chlorella vulgaris microalgae were tested as a wastewater treatment agent and achieved removal rates of up to 98% for ammonia-nitrogen, 96.6% for chemical oxygen demand, and 82% for biochemical oxygen demand in batch reactors. A notable finding is that microplastics added to the culture did not prevent the algae from functioning effectively, suggesting this approach could be compatible with plastic-contaminated wastewater streams.
Surface water quality has deteriorated in recent years due to the emerging pollutants from urbanization. In line with Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), adequate treatment is crucial to enhance the effluent discharges to the water bodies. Therefore, the potential of microalgae as phytoremediation, especially Chlorella vulgaris , in revolutionizing municipal wastewater treatment can be a substitute for the conventional method. Thus, this study aims to determine the percentage of pollutants in wastewater removed via microalgae. Effluent samples were taken from the wastewater treatment plant of Universiti Teknologi MARA, Campus Dengkil, Selangor. The experiment was conducted in an aerated batch reactor with LED light to boost the microalgae growth. Microplastic has been inserted in the batch culture of microalgae to estimate the biodegradation process further. From the results observation, the percentage removal for the ammonia-nitrogen is approximately 98%, with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) at the highest rate of 82%. Later, the reduction percentage of chemical oxygen demand (COD) was 96.6%. After the treatment, separately, nitrate-nitrogen and nitrite-nitrogen removal capacity were obtained as 99% and 99.7%. Lastly, for the phosphorus, the removal percentage was 98.48%. Consequently, this research can better understand the environmental and operational factors which can maximize the formation of algal biofilms and enhance the effectiveness of wastewater treatment. It also underscores the need for further research in optimizing the concentrations and combinations of these additives for more efficient wastewater treatment.