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Analisis Jalur: Gangguan Fungsi Nefron Tikus (Rattus Norvegicus) Akibat Mengkonsumsi Partikel Mikroplastik Polietilena
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This Indonesian study examined how polyethylene microplastic particles affect nephron function in rats (Rattus norvegicus) through path analysis methodology. Absorbed microplastic particles accumulated in blood and generated oxidative reactions through LDL oxidation, damaging nephron defenses and impairing kidney function.
Latar belakang: Pencemaran plastik menjadi isu kesehatan saat ini. Partikel plastik berukuran mikron (MPs) dapat mengganggu kesehatan karena terkonsumsi secara tidak sengaja oleh mahluk hidup dan masuk kedalam rantai makanan manusia. Polietilena salah satu polimer plastik yang banyak mengkontaminasi makanan manusia. Partikel plastik yang terabsorbsi akan mengalami persisten dan bioakumulasi dalam darah. Partikel ini mengandung bahan toksik sehingga menimbulkan reaksi oksidasi pada komponen biologi, salah satunya low-density lipoprotein (LDL). Ox-LDL menyebabkan kerusakan pertahanan nefron sehingga memicu kaskade kerusakan. Indikator kerusakan fungsi nefron ginjal berupa serum albumin, blood urea nitrogen, dan serum kreatinin. Tujuan: Menjelaskan mekanisme gangguan fungsi nefron akibat mengkonsumsi partikel MPs polietilena. Metode: Penelitian eksperimental murni pada 42 ekor tikus (Rattus norvegicus) yang dikelompok secara random menjadi 6 kelompok. Desain penelitian adalah post-test only control group. Dosis paparan yakni 0mg; 0,0375mg; 0,075mg; 0,15mg, 0,3mg, 0,6mg partikel MPs per hari diberikan secara berurutan pada setiap kelompok. Pemberian bahan MPs menggunakan sonde oral selama 90 hari. Data di analisis menggunakan program Smart-PLS untuk membuat model mekanisme gangguan fungsi nefron akibat mengkonsumsi partikel MPs. Hasil: Paparan peroral partikel MPs pada tikus secara signifikan meningkatkan kadar partikel MPs dalam darah dan Ox-LDL darah. Keberadaan MPs dalam darah juga akan meningkatkan Ox-LDL darah, selain itu menurunkan kadar serum albumin, meningkatkan kadar blood urea nitrogen dan serum kreatinin darah. Sedangkan peningkatan Ox-LDL hanya berkontribusi terhadap terjadinya penurunan kadar serum albumin dan peningkatan kadar blood urea nitrogen darah (semua nilai T-stat > 1,96). Kesimpulan: Mengkonsumsi partikel MPs dapat menyebabkan gangguan fungsi nefron pada tikus.
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Polyethylene microplastics disrupt renal function, mitochondrial bioenergetics, redox homeostasis, and histoarchitecture in Wistar rats
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Researchers gave rats polyethylene microplastics orally for 28 days and found dose-dependent kidney damage, including impaired filtration, electrolyte imbalances, and tissue inflammation. The microplastics depleted antioxidant defenses, increased oxidative stress markers, and disrupted mitochondrial energy production in kidney cells, identifying the kidneys as a critical target of microplastic toxicity.
Polystyrene microplastics: a threat to renal energy metabolism and tissue morphology in Wistar rats
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Researchers orally exposed male Wistar rats to polystyrene microplastics at three doses over four weeks and found dose-dependent disruption of renal energy metabolism, including impaired glycolysis, suppressed gluconeogenesis, and a metabolic shift toward anaerobic pathways, accompanied by progressive histopathological damage including tubular inflammation and loss of Bowman's capsular space.
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Tiny plastic particles from our air, water, and food—called micro- and nanoplastics—can enter our bodies and travel to the kidneys, where studies show they may cause cell damage, inflammation, and scarring over time. This review pulls together existing research on how these plastics get into our system and harm kidney tissue, suggesting that everyday plastic exposure could be an overlooked risk factor for kidney disease. More research is needed, but this is an early signal that reducing plastic exposure might matter for long-term kidney health.
Kidney and Liver Disorders Due to Microplastic Exposure: Chronic in Vivo Study in Male White Rats
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Male white rats were chronically exposed to microplastics (particles 5 mm or smaller) to assess kidney and liver toxicity, with exposure resulting from environmental weathering and ultraviolet irradiation of plastic materials. The study found measurable histopathological and biochemical damage in both organs, confirming that long-term microplastic exposure causes organ-level injury in mammals.
Toxicological effects of microplastics in renal ischemia–reperfusion injury
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Researchers studied how microplastic exposure affects kidney injury and recovery in a mouse model of reduced blood flow to the kidneys. They found that microplastics worsened kidney damage by triggering inflammatory responses and disrupting cellular repair processes. The study suggests that microplastic accumulation in the body may increase vulnerability to kidney complications.
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