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Impact of Sewage Treatment Plant Effluent on Lakes: an Overview
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This literature review examines how sewage treatment plant effluents impact lakes and ponds, focusing on residual pollutants that persist after conventional treatment including heavy metals, nutrients, nanomaterials, pharmaceuticals, and microplastics. These pollutants can cause eutrophication, oxygen depletion, and toxicity, posing threats to aquatic ecosystem balance and human health.
The paper discusses a literature survey of the Impact of Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) effluents on surface water bodies in the special context of lakes and ponds. The sewage effluent even after conventional treatment has residual pollutants such as Organic Matter, Heavy Metals, Nutrients, and Emerging Contaminants such as Nanomaterial, PPCPs, EDCs, Microplastics, etc., which can have various negative impacts on aquatic ecosystems and human health. These pollutants can cause Eutrophication, Oxygen depletion, and toxicity in waterbodies posing a significant threat to the delicate balance of aquatic ecosystems. Further, they can harm biodiversity, induce population and behavioral shifts, cause Endocrine disruption, disrupt the food chain, and elevate the risk of antibiotic resistance, hence affecting aquatic Flora, Fauna, Wildlife, Birds, plankton, microbial communities, and Humans. The study aims to provide insights into strategies to mitigate the environmental impacts of STP effluents. Upgrading treatment technologies such as implementing nutrient removal strategies, utilizing land applications, implementing monitoring programs, and engaging stakeholders are some of the effective strategies for mitigating the impacts of STP effluent.
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Wastewater treatment plant effluent as a source of microplastics: review of the fate, chemical interactions and potential risks to aquatic organisms
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This review examines wastewater treatment plant effluent as a source of microplastics entering aquatic environments. The study found that even though treatment plants remove most microplastics, the small amounts remaining in effluent may still contribute significantly to environmental contamination, and the chemical interactions between microplastics and other pollutants in wastewater raise additional ecological concerns.
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This review examines studies on microplastic occurrence in wastewater treatment plant effluents, synthesizing evidence that treatment plants both retain and release significant quantities of microplastics and are a major pathway for plastic particles entering aquatic environments.
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Wastewater treatment plants remove most microplastics (tiny plastic bits under 5mm) from sewage, but even the small fraction that slips through adds up fast, some plants may release millions of these particles into rivers and lakes every single day. This review of existing studies matters because these waterways often connect back to our drinking water and food supply, meaning the plastic pollution we flush away could eventually make its way back to us.
Advanced Nanotechnology in Wastewater Treatment: Investigating the Role of Nanoparticles in Pollutant Removal, Water Recovery, and Environmental Sustainability
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This review examines how nanotechnology-based approaches — including nanoparticle adsorbents, nanofiltration membranes, and photocatalysts — can address persistent water pollutants including pharmaceuticals, microplastics, and heavy metals more effectively than conventional treatment methods.
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This review covers emerging contaminants in water including pharmaceuticals, PFAS, microplastics, and nanomaterials that escape conventional water treatment and persist in the environment. It evaluates advanced detection techniques and newer treatment methods such as membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, and bioremediation to address these pollutants that pose ongoing risks to public health.
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