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Original research — experimental, observational, or case-control study. Direct primary evidence.
Environmental Sources
Human Health Effects
Policy & Risk
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Recent advances in the epithelial barrier theory
International Immunology2024
53 citations
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Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count.
Score: 70
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0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.
İsmail Öğülür,
Ioana Agache,
Ioana Agache,
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Yağız Pat,
Yağız Pat,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Yağız Pat,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
İsmail Öğülür,
Kari C. Nadeau
İsmail Öğülür,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Yağız Pat,
Yağız Pat,
İsmail Öğülür,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Yağız Pat,
Kari C. Nadeau
Duygu Yazıcı,
Özge Ardıçlı,
İsmail Öğülür,
İsmail Öğülür,
İsmail Öğülür,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Paolo D’Avino,
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Ioana Agache,
Ioana Agache,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Kari C. Nadeau
Duygu Yazıcı,
Yağız Pat,
İsmail Öğülür,
Manru Li,
Yağız Pat,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Yağız Pat,
Yağız Pat,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
İsmail Öğülür,
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Manru Li,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
İsmail Öğülür,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Özge Ardıçlı,
Özge Ardıçlı,
Yağız Pat,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Özge Ardıçlı,
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Yağız Pat,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Duygu Yazıcı,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Yağız Pat,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Raja Dhir,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
İsmail Öğülür,
Raja Dhir,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Sena Ardıçlı,
Kari C. Nadeau
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Ioana Agache,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Raja Dhir,
İsmail Öğülür,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
İsmail Öğülür,
Kari C. Nadeau
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
İsmail Öğülür,
İsmail Öğülür,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Raja Dhir,
Kari C. Nadeau
Kari C. Nadeau
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Yasutaka Mitamura,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Ioana Agache,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Mübeccel Akdiş,
Cezmi A. Akdiş,
Kari C. Nadeau
Summary
This review explains the "epithelial barrier theory," which links the rise in allergies, autoimmune diseases, and other chronic conditions to environmental pollutants, including micro- and nanoplastics, that damage the protective lining of our skin, lungs, and gut. These pollutants can break down the tight junctions between cells, trigger inflammation, and allow harmful substances to enter the body, potentially contributing to the increase in chronic diseases seen worldwide.
The epithelial barrier theory links the recent rise in chronic non-communicable diseases, notably autoimmune and allergic disorders, to environmental agents disrupting the epithelial barrier. Global pollution and environmental toxic agent exposure have worsened over six decades because of uncontrolled growth, modernization, and industrialization, affecting human health. Introducing new chemicals without any reasonable control of their health effects through these years has led to documented adverse effects, especially on the skin and mucosal epithelial barriers. These substances, such as particulate matter, detergents, surfactants, food emulsifiers, micro- and nano-plastics, diesel exhaust, cigarette smoke, and ozone, have been shown to compromise the epithelial barrier integrity. This disruption is linked to the opening of the tight-junction barriers, inflammation, cell death, oxidative stress, and metabolic regulation. Consideration must be given to the interplay of toxic substances, underlying inflammatory diseases, and medications, especially in affected tissues. This review article discusses the detrimental effect of environmental barrier-damaging compounds on human health and involves cellular and molecular mechanisms.