Marine Bacteria for Bioremediation of Polluted Marine Environments: A Blue Revolution Approach

Escalating contamination of marine ecosystems by hydrocarbons, heavy metals, xenobiotics, and microplastics threatens ecosystem stability and public health, while conventional remediation approaches remain costly, inefficient, or ecologically disruptive. This paper explores the potential of marine bacteria in the bioremediation of polluted marine environments, aligning with the goals of the Blue Revolution. This approach moves beyond traditional reliance on naturally occurring bioremediation rates by employing targeted bacterial insights to enhance the metabolic capabilities of marine microorganisms. Bioremediation is a process used to clean up contaminated sites using biological systems. Microorganisms capable of degrading most constituents of crude oil and xenobiotics are present in the marine environment. Generally, consortia of microorganisms are necessary to degrade complex molecules in pollutants. Most bioremediation technologies involve naturally occurring microorganisms and the improvement of nutrient conditions and environmental factors to enhance biodegradation. The Blue Revolutionary Strategy promises sustainable use of marine resources for ecosystem benefit. Marine bacteria show altered metabolism as a strategy against metal-induced stress. Understanding these strategies to avoid toxic effects of heavy metals can help devise novel biotechnological applications for ocean clean-up. Using biological tools for remediation has advantages, as it does not involve harmful chemicals and shows greater flexibility to environmental fluctuations. This research will contribute significantly to achieving sustainable marine resource management goals, fostering a healthier and more productive marine environment.