The impact of microplastics on yield and economic losses in selected agricultural food commodities

Abstract In the realm of the global economy, agriculture holds a prominent status, acting as a vital source of employment and revenue for nations. Despite its crucial role, the agricultural sector contends with recurrent annual losses attributable to market fluctuations. One noteworthy contributor to the decline in agricultural productivity is the adverse impact of microplastics (MPs). This study aims to estimate the production losses suffered by key crops—rice, wheat, maize, tomato, and peas—due to MPs, along with the resulting economic consequences arising from the direct damage inflicted by MPs. To assess production losses caused by MPs, secondary data from diverse sources were employed for five plant varieties. The economic losses resulting from MPs were calculated for the period spanning 2017–2023, with cumulative data aggregated from all states. The study's findings indicate that the presence of MPs corresponds to an annual global output decline ranging from 0.4% to 34.7%. This decline translates to a reduction of approximately 0.01 million to 66.97 million tons per year in the production of food, fiber, and biofuels. The aggregate yearly economic losses are estimated at around USD 46.5 billion. These findings carry substantial implications for governmental policy in the agricultural domain, underscoring the necessity for current statistics on global losses incurred due to MPs. Moreover, they emphasize the importance of implementing a systematic surveillance system to monitor such losses effectively.