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Simple microfluidic devices for in situ detection of water contamination: a state-of-art review
Summary
This review covers recent advances in simple, low-cost microfluidic devices designed for on-site water quality testing rather than expensive laboratory analysis. Researchers found that these portable lab-on-a-chip devices can detect biological, chemical, and physical contaminants including microplastics with increasing accuracy. The study highlights the potential for these tools to make water safety monitoring more accessible, especially in resource-limited settings.
Water security is an important global issue that is pivotal in the pursuit of sustainable resources for future generations. It is a multifaceted concept that combines water availability with the quality of the water's chemical, biological, and physical characteristics to ensure its suitability and safety. Water quality is a focal aspect of water security. Quality index data are determined and provided via laboratory testing using expensive instrumentation with high maintenance costs and expertise. Due to increased practices in this sector that can compromise water quality, innovative technologies such as microfluidics are necessary to accelerate the timeline of test procedures. Microfluidic technology demonstrates sophisticated functionality in various applications due to the chip's miniaturization system that can control the movement of fluids in tiny amounts and be used for onsite testing when integrated with smart applications. This review aims to highlight the basics of microfluidic technology starting from the component system to the properties of the chip's fabricated materials. The published research on developing microfluidic sensor devices for monitoring chemical and biological contaminants in water is summarized to understand the obstacles and challenges and explore future opportunities for advancement in water quality monitoring.
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