Analysis of microplastics distributed in the environment: Case studies in South Korea

The massive production and extensive distribution of microplastics, stemming from postconsumer plastics, have become problematic for the environment and human health. Various studies have reported the hazardous potential and toxicity of microplastics in living organisms, including animals and humans. As a precautionary measure to protect them from microplastic exposure, significant efforts have been made to analyze the distribution of microplastics in the environment. However, each research group individually examined the microplastic distribution in a specific location. Consequently, there is a lack of information regarding the presence of microplastics in wider district units, such as cities and across the nation. In this study, an overview of various case studies in South Korea is provided by discussing the presence and concentration of microplastics in South Korea and examining the reports and research articles on the analysis of microplastic distributions in different locations in South Korea. The current sampling and analysis methods used for microplastic distribution studies were also summarized, along with their technical challenges. The possible sources of primary and secondary microplastics were also discussed to determine the original plastic types of microplastics derived from industries and households.