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Recent advances and challenges in advanced oxidation processes for degradation of nano- and microplastics in water: a critical review

RSC Advances 2026
Ngoc Bao Dung Thi, Thi Thanh Huyen Nguyen, Thi Thanh Huyen Nguyen, Quang Viet Ly, Hui Lin Ong, Hai Bang Truong

Summary

This critical review evaluates four main advanced oxidation processes — ozonation, photocatalysis, Fenton reactions, and electrochemical oxidation — for breaking down nano- and microplastics in water, summarizing what has been achieved and where major technical gaps remain. Developing effective degradation technologies is urgently needed because conventional water treatment systems do not reliably remove small plastic particles.

This review consolidates recent advances in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for nanoplastic and microplastic (NMP) degradation, focusing on four major approaches: ozonation, photocatalysis, Fenton-based systems, and electrochemical oxidation.

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