0
Article Tier 2 Environmental Sources Food & Water Gut & Microbiome Human Health Effects Marine & Wildlife Policy & Risk Sign in to save

Ostracoda and Foraminifera as bioindicators of (aquatic) pollution in the protected area of uMlalazi estuary, South Africa

Revue de Micropaléontologie 2024 14 citations

AI summary Read the abstract

Researchers used tiny shell-bearing organisms (ostracods and foraminifera) as biological indicators to assess water quality in a protected South African estuary. Despite its protected status, the estuary showed signs of pollution based on the species diversity and health of these indicator organisms. While not focused on microplastics specifically, these biological monitoring methods could be adapted to assess the ecological impact of microplastic pollution in coastal and estuarine environments.

Study Type Environmental

To mitigate ecological and health risks, implementing a comprehensive multidisciplinary monitoring strategy is imperative. This approach aims to effectively identify and record potential declines in water quality and ecological conditions. Utilizing cost-effective and efficient monitoring tools is crucial, especially for developing nations. Despite the previously reported uMlalazi River's pristine status within a protected natural reserve at South Africa's eastern coast, our findings challenge the assumption of its cleanliness, emphasizing the need for ongoing proactive monitoring. Here we reassess the pollution levels and ecological status of aquatic life of the river, and use this to enhance the indicator value of microfauna in South Africa. We analysed 25 surface sediment samples from the uMlalazi estuary, covering a salinity range from oligohaline to euhaline, with a focus on marginal marine Ostracoda and Foraminifera as potential indicators. All samples contained Ostracoda and Foraminifera, with the exception of two. Among the identified ostracod species, there were 17 species belonging to 14 genera. Typical taxa are the brackish water species Perissocytheridea estuaria, Sulcostocythere knysnaenis, and Australoloxoconcha favornamentata. We identified 19 Foraminifera species from 16 genera, with dominant taxa such as Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina sp., and Miliolinella sp. Three distinct assemblages were observed: A) Ammonia sp. and Quinqueloculina sp., with very low diversity and abundances in general, located along the river course at stations exceeding Pollution Load Index (PLI), which indicates deterioration of sites quality; B) Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina sp., and Sulcostocythere knysnaenis associated with higher salinity and lower PLI; C) Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina agglutinans, and Cribroelphidium articulatum located in mudflats with minimal PLI. Our findings align with the commonly observed diversity trend, which indicates reduced species diversity corresponding to elevated pollution levels. Notably, the examined samples revealed a range of Foraminiferal Abnormality Index (FAI) up to 23%, exhibiting anomalies such as multiple tests, changes in coiling, and abnormal chamber shapes. Geochemical analysis indicates that the catchment is subjected to substantial anthropogenic pressure, as evidenced by elevated concentrations of heavy metals, sulphur, and microplastic. Sugarcane farming, urban sewage, titanium mining, and fish farming are the primary sources of pollution in the catchment area. Ongoing investigations in South African estuaries are expanding our dataset and will contribute to a better understanding of the species-specific responses of Ostracoda and Foraminifera to anthropogenic pressure. Pour atténuer les risques écologiques et sanitaires, la mise en œuvre d'une stratégie globale de surveillance multidisciplinaire est impérative. Cette approche vise à identifier et enregistrer efficacement les déclins potentiels de la qualité de l'eau et des conditions écologiques. L'utilisation d'outils de surveillance rentables et efficaces est cruciale, en particulier pour les pays en développement. Malgré le statut pur de la rivière uMlalazi au sein d'une réserve naturelle protégée le long de la côte est de l'Afrique du Sud, nos résultats remettent en question l'hypothèse de sa propreté, soulignant la nécessité d'une surveillance proactive continue. Ici, nous réévaluons les niveaux de pollution et l'état écologique de la vie aquatique de la rivière, et utilisons cela pour améliorer la valeur indicatrice de la microfaune en Afrique du Sud. Nous avons analysé 25 échantillons de sédiments de surface de l'estuaire d'uMlalazi, couvrant une gamme de salinité allant de l'oligohaline à l'euhaline, en mettant l'accent sur les foraminifères marins marginaux et les ostracodes comme indicateurs potentiels. Tous les échantillons contenaient des ostracodes et des foraminifères, à l'exception de deux. Parmi les espèces d'ostracodes identifiées, il y avait 17 espèces appartenant à 14 genres. Les taxons typiques sont les espèces d'eau saumâtre Perissocytheridea estuaria, Sulcostocythere knysnaenis et Australoloxoconcha favornamentata. Nous avons identifié 19 espèces de foraminifères appartenant à 16 genres, avec des taxons dominants tels que Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina sp. et Miliolinella sp. Trois assemblages distincts ont été observés: A) Ammonia sp. et Quinqueloculina sp., avec une diversité et des abondances en général très faibles, situées le long du cours de la rivière dans des stations dépassant l'indice de charge de pollution (PLI), ce qui indique une détérioration de la qualité des sites; B) Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina sp. et Sulcostocythere knysnaenis associés à une salinité plus élevée et à un PLI inférieur; C) Ammonia sp., Quinqueloculina agglutinans et Cribroelphidium articulatum situés dans des vasières avec un PLI minimal. Nos résultats s'alignent sur la tendance de diversité couramment observée, qui indique une diversité réduite des espèces correspondant à des niveaux de pollution élevés. Notamment, les échantillons examinés ont révélé une gamme d'indice d'anomalie des foraminifères (FAI) allant jusqu'à 23%, présentant des anomalies telles que des tests multiples, des changements dans l'enroulement et des formes anormales de chambre. L'analyse géochimique indique que le bassin versant est soumis à une pression anthropique importante, comme en témoignent les concentrations élevées de métaux lourds, de soufre, de microplastique. La présente étude a identifié la culture de la canne à sucre, les eaux usées urbaines, l'exploitation minière du titane, la pisciculture et l'impact anthropique des colonies voisines comme les principales sources de pollution dans le bassin versant. Il est important de souligner que les organismes vivants servent d'indicateurs de l'environnement actuel, ce qui est précieux à des fins de surveillance. En revanche, les marqueurs géochimiques de pollution trouvés dans les sédiments de surface refléteront une période de temps nettement plus longue, même si la durée exacte reste incertaine. Les enquêtes en cours dans les estuaires sud-africains élargissent notre ensemble de données et contribueront à une meilleure compréhension des réponses spécifiques aux espèces d'ostracodes et de foraminifères à la pression anthropique.

More Papers Like This

Article Tier 2

Microplastics in a mosaic of Marine Protected Areas from southeastern Brazil: An assessment based on filter-feeding bivalves

AI summary Read the abstract

Researchers used filter-feeding bivalves as biological monitors to assess microplastic contamination across 28 marine protected areas along a heavily populated stretch of coastline in southeastern Brazil. They found microplastics in bivalves from all sites surveyed, demonstrating that protected status alone does not shield marine areas from plastic pollution. The study highlights how diffuse, transboundary plastic contamination reaches even designated conservation zones.

Article Tier 2

Ostracoda (Crustacea) as indicators of anthropogenic impacts – A review

AI summary Read the abstract

This review examines how ostracods, tiny crustaceans found in lakes, rivers, and oceans, can serve as living indicators of water pollution from human activities including heavy metals, pesticides, and nutrient runoff. The authors note that ostracods have barely been studied in relation to microplastic contamination, presenting an opportunity for future research. Since these organisms are sensitive to water quality changes, they could become useful biological tools for monitoring microplastic pollution in aquatic environments.

Article Tier 2

More than just food: mussels as biomonitors of microplastic pollution in the KwaZulu-Natal coastal environment

AI summary Read the abstract

This South African study investigated mussels as biomonitors of microplastic fiber pollution along the KwaZulu-Natal coast, developing novel laboratory methodology for accurately estimating fiber uptake — supporting mussels' role as a standard indicator species for coastal plastic contamination.

Article Tier 2

Ostracoda and Foraminifera as indicators of anthropogenic impacts – case studies from Sub-Saharan Africa

AI summary Read the abstract

Researchers used ostracod and foraminifera assemblages as bioindicators of anthropogenic impacts in coastal sediments from Ghana and South Africa. Results revealed degraded communities in areas receiving urban sewage and agricultural runoff, with sediment chemical analysis confirming contamination by metals and organic pollutants, demonstrating the value of microfossil assemblages for reconstructing recent pollution histories.

Article Tier 2

Oysters and mussels as equivalent sentinels of microplastics and natural particles in coastal environments

AI summary Read the abstract

Researchers compared how oysters and mussels accumulate microplastics in a polluted Brazilian estuary and found both species performed equally well as biological monitors of contamination. Some of the highest microplastic levels ever recorded in shellfish were found at the most polluted sites. Since oysters and mussels are widely consumed as seafood, these contamination levels raise direct concerns about human microplastic exposure through shellfish consumption.

Research digests by email

When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.

Email me about

Share this paper