Developing Low-Cost In-Situ Water Pollution Sensors

Water is currently regarded as one of the planet's most limited natural resources. Plants, animals, and humans all value it. The need for researchers to investigate the detrimental effects of environmental degradation, particularly on water sources, which is increased by the expanding environmental degradation that has been caused in recent years by development, population growth, and climate change. More sophisticated techniques in environmental monitoring systems, particularly in the area of water quality monitoring, are required due to the global increase in water pollution in lakes, rivers, and oceans. Therefore, Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) for monitoring physical and chemical water parameters along with machine learning and the Internet of Things (IoT) are promising alternative technologies that could be utilized as an alternative to address the abovementioned water quality issues. Furthermore, severalsensors were developed for deployment in different regions connected directly to lab to view the current situation in every region. This review sheds light on several attempts for low-cost in-situ water sensors which gives full long-term information on the situation in areas under study which would be further a good idea to implement them and distribute to have continuous data.