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Neuropathogenesis-on-chips for neurodegenerative diseases
Summary
Researchers reviewed how miniaturized lab-on-a-chip devices that mimic brain tissue are being developed to study neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, offering more realistic models than traditional animal tests. These microfluidic systems, combined with stem cells, could accelerate the discovery of new diagnostics and treatments for conditions that affect millions of people worldwide.
Developing diagnostics and treatments for neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) is challenging due to multifactorial pathogenesis that progresses gradually. Advanced in vitro systems that recapitulate patient-like pathophysiology are emerging as alternatives to conventional animal-based models. In this review, we explore the interconnected pathogenic features of different types of ND, discuss the general strategy to modelling NDs using a microfluidic chip, and introduce the organoid-on-a-chip as the next advanced relevant model. Lastly, we overview how these models are being applied in academic and industrial drug development. The integration of microfluidic chips, stem cells, and biotechnological devices promises to provide valuable insights for biomedical research and developing diagnostic and therapeutic solutions for NDs.
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