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Bisphenols and Their Interaction with GPER-1: The Invisible Enemy Behind Breast Cancer and Its Societal Impact
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This review examines how bisphenols, chemical compounds widely found in plastic consumer products, may interact with the GPER-1 receptor to promote breast cancer cell proliferation. Researchers highlight that bisphenol A and related compounds can act as endocrine disruptors, underscoring concerns about widespread human exposure to plastic-derived chemicals.
Bisphenols are chemical compounds of industrial origin found in a wide variety of everyday consumer products and have been detected in virtually all human biological fluids. Bisphenols, especially bisphenol A (BPA), can mimic hormone activity and act as endocrine disruptors through GPER-1, a G protein-coupled receptor, mainly located in the cell membrane and with a high affinity for estradiol, whose activity commands neoplastic cell proliferation and migration, promoting the development of breast cancer. Since in modern societies bisphenols are very common in the environment, their association with breast cancer affects not only individuals but also the general population. The detrimental impacts of these substances on public health, however, have not received enough attention because their molecular and cellular effects are imperceptible, and their manifestations only become apparent over the medium and long term.
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Bisphenolic compounds alter gene expression in MCF-7 cells through interaction with estrogen receptor α
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Researchers used RNA sequencing and molecular binding assays to show that bisphenol A and three structural analogs (BPB, BPZ, 4MeBPA) released from plastics activate estrogen receptor alpha in human breast cancer cells, upregulating genes associated with cancer cell growth, invasion, and proliferation — providing evidence that BPA substitutes share similar endocrine-disrupting potential.
Impact of Plastic-Related Compounds on P-Glycoprotein and Breast Cancer Resistance Protein In Vitro
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Researchers examined how plastic-related compounds affect P-glycoprotein and breast cancer resistance protein in vitro, finding that plasticizers and plastic additives can inhibit these critical cellular defense transporters involved in detoxification.
Synergistic effects of parabens and plastic nanoparticles on proliferation of human breast cancer cells
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Parabens (common preservatives in personal care products) combined with plastic nanoparticles were found to have synergistic effects on the proliferation of human breast cancer cells, with the combination being more stimulating than either substance alone. This finding raises concerns about cumulative endocrine disruption from combined exposure to plastics and cosmetic chemicals.
Butyl octyl phthalate interacts with estrogen receptor α in MCF‑7 breast cancer cells to promote cancer development
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Researchers found that butyl octyl phthalate, a plasticizer that leaches from microplastics, interacts with estrogen receptor alpha in MCF-7 breast cancer cells to promote cancer cell development, suggesting plastic-derived phthalates may act as endocrine disruptors affecting breast cancer progression.
Environmental Pollution and Breast Cancer: The Microplastic Component BPA Regulates the Intratumoral Immune Microenvironment and Increases Lung Metastasis
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Bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical found in many plastics, was shown to alter the immune environment within breast tumors and increase lung metastasis in mice. The findings suggest that BPA exposure may worsen cancer outcomes by promoting spread of the disease.
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