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Evaluation of nanoplastics-induced redox imbalance in cells, larval zebrafish, and daphnia magna with a superoxide anion radical fluorescent probe
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Researchers developed a fluorescent probe to detect oxidative damage caused by nanoplastics in living cells, zebrafish larvae, and water fleas. The study suggests that nanoplastic exposure triggers the production of harmful superoxide radicals through specific inflammatory signaling pathways, providing new insight into how these tiny plastic particles may cause biological harm.
Nanoplastics (NPs) is a novel plastic contaminant that could be taken up by cells and lead to severe biotoxicity toxicity, NPs in cells can cause oxidant damage by inducing reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lead to acute inflammation. As a major ROS which related to many kinds of physiological and pathological processes, superoxide anion radical (O) could be utilized as a signal of oxidant damage effected by NPs exposure in vivo. To detect the toxic damage mechanism of NPs, a fluorescence probe Bcy-OTf has been developed to monitor O fluctuations content in cells and aquatic organisms after exposure to NPs. The probe has a high sensitivity (LOD = 20 nM) and a rapid responsive time (within 6 min), and it has high selectivity and low cytotoxicity to analysis the levels of the endogenous O. Endogenous O induced by NPs in living cells, Daphnia magna and larval zebrafish were analyzed. Moreover, the results confirmed the key role of MAPK and NF-κB pathway in NPs stimulation mechanisms in cells. This study indicated that Bcy-OTf can precisely assess the fluctuations of endogenous O, which has potential for applying in further analysis mechanisms of NPs biological risks.
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Researchers showed that polystyrene nanoplastics accumulate in zebrafish larvae and trigger excessive reactive oxygen species production via NADPH oxidase upregulation, causing mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and NF-κB-driven inflammation — with inhibiting ROS generation effectively blocking downstream cell death and inflammatory responses.
Current Aspects on the Plastic Nano- and Microparticles Toxicity in Zebrafish—Focus on the Correlation between Oxidative Stress Responses and Neurodevelopment
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This review examines how nano- and micro-sized plastic particles cause toxic effects in zebrafish, focusing on the link between oxidative stress and neurodevelopmental damage. Researchers found that plastic particle exposure disrupts the balance of reactive oxygen species in cells, which can impair brain development and nervous system function. The study suggests these oxidative stress responses may serve as early warning signals of plastic particle toxicity in aquatic organisms.
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This review of 50 studies found that when zebrafish (a common stand-in for studying animal health) are exposed to micro- and nanoplastics, it disrupts their body's natural defenses against cell damage, boosting harmful molecules called reactive oxygen species while weakening key antioxidant enzymes. Since these zebrafish findings often hint at how plastics might affect other animals, including humans, this adds to growing evidence that the tiny plastic particles now found in our water, food, and air could stress our cells too — though scientists say more research is needed before drawing firm conclusions about human health risks.
Polystyrene Nanoplastic Exposure Induces Developmental Toxicity by Activating the Oxidative Stress Response and Base Excision Repair Pathway in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)
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Researchers exposed zebrafish embryos to polystyrene nanoplastics at various concentrations and found significant developmental abnormalities including reduced hatching rates and increased malformations. The nanoplastics activated oxidative stress responses and DNA repair pathways, indicating cellular damage during critical early development stages. The study provides mechanistic evidence for how nanoplastic exposure can disrupt normal embryonic development in aquatic organisms.
Polystyrene nanoplastic induces ROS production and affects the MAPK-HIF-1/NFkB-mediated antioxidant system in Daphnia pulex
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Researchers exposed the freshwater crustacean Daphnia pulex to polystyrene nanoplastics and found dose-dependent overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) alongside activation of the MAPK-HIF-1/NFkB stress-signaling cascade, revealing that epigenetic and oxidative pathways mediate nanoplastic toxicity in zooplankton.
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