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Transport of layered and spherical microplastics in aqueous ecosystems: a review
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Researchers reviewed how microplastics move through aquatic ecosystems, examining transport dynamics shaped by biofilm formation, temperature, salinity, and pH, while also evaluating management approaches including adsorption, filtration, oxidation, and biodegradation.
Microplastics are micrometre-sized emerging pollutants produced by plastic fragmentation. They have been recently detected in most ecosystems, even in remote areas. Here, we review microplastics with emphasis on sources, occurrence, transport, detection methods, policies, toxicity, and management methods. In the transport section, we discuss sorption kinetics, layered microplastics, and influencing factors such as biofilm formation. Microplastic management can be done by adsorption, filtration, oxidation, and biodegradation. Microplastic interaction is influenced by temperature, pH, salinity, and dissolved organic matter.
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Transport Mechanism of Microplastic in the Environment
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This review described the physical and chemical mechanisms by which microplastics are transported through air, water, and soil — including atmospheric deposition, hydrological flow, bioturbation, and biofouling — that collectively explain their detection in remote environments from Arctic sea ice to mountain summits. Elucidating these transport mechanisms reveals that no geographic location or ecosystem is isolated from microplastic contamination, underscoring the inevitability of human exposure through air, water, and food globally.
Microplastic Fate and Impacts in the Environment
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Microplastic pollution has been documented across virtually every ecosystem on Earth — from ocean surfaces to deep-sea floors, polar regions to tropical soils, and in organisms spanning the full breadth of the food web. This pervasive distribution confirms that microplastic exposure is now universal and that understanding long-term fate and biological impacts is one of the most pressing environmental health challenges of our time.
Microplastic Fate and Impacts in the Environment
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Microplastic pollution has been documented across virtually every ecosystem on Earth, from sea surfaces to deep sediments, polar regions to tropical rivers, and inside a wide range of organisms spanning multiple trophic levels. This comprehensive environmental presence confirms that microplastics pose systemic risks to biodiversity and human health through multiple exposure pathways.
Sources, impacts and distribution of microplastics in different environmental matrices: a review
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This comprehensive review maps the sources, distribution, and environmental impacts of microplastics across marine, riverine, terrestrial, and atmospheric matrices, noting that riverine ecosystems and soil environments remain understudied relative to marine systems. The review underscores that microplastics permeate every environmental compartment — including drinking water sources and food commodities — making ubiquitous human exposure unavoidable without systemic interventions in plastic production and waste management.
Transport Process of Microplastics from Terrestrial to Aquatic Environment: Evaluation of the Current Knowledge
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Researchers reviewed how microplastics travel from terrestrial sources — including agriculture, urban runoff, and atmospheric deposition — into rivers, lakes, and ultimately the ocean, synthesizing current knowledge on transport mechanisms and knowledge gaps. Understanding land-to-water transport pathways is critical for identifying where interventions can most effectively reduce the flow of plastics into aquatic ecosystems and human food sources.
Research digests by email
When a large batch of papers lands in the Atlas, we read through it and send a short write-up of what stood out.