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Microplastic pollution in Vietnam's estuarine, coastal and riverine environments: Research advances and future prospects
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Seasonal and Spatial Distribution of Microplastics in Surface Water of the Southern Branch of the Mekong River in Vietnam
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Researchers measured seasonal and spatial patterns of microplastic pollution in the Hau River, a southern branch of the Mekong in Vietnam, finding microplastics distributed throughout the waterway. The results show that even rivers far from major industrial centers carry significant plastic contamination, threatening aquatic life and communities that depend on the river for food and water.
Microplastic Pollution and Ecological Risk in a Vietnamese River: A Case Study from the Bach Hac Confluence, Phu Tho Province
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Surface water and sediment samples from the Bach Hac–Red River confluence in Vietnam contained microplastics at 43–103 items/m³ and 200–650 items/kg respectively, with PET, PTFE, and polyamide dominant and particles under 100 µm comprising nearly half of surface water samples. Risk assessments indicate low contamination levels currently, but the dominance of sub-100 µm particles heightens concern for biological uptake and human exposure through water and food chains.
Ten-year trends in microplastic deposition in sediments at the Lach Tray estuary, Hai Phong province, Vietnam
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Sediment core analysis using 210Pb dating revealed that microplastic concentrations in Vietnam's Lach Tray estuary increased more than fourfold between 2012 and 2023, with polyethylene and polypropylene fragments and fibers dominating, and carbon isotope signatures tracing shifting pollution sources over time. This decade-long record provides direct evidence of accelerating plastic pollution in Southeast Asian estuaries, which serve as critical pathways for microplastics entering coastal marine ecosystems.
Abundance of microplastics in surface water of tropical reservoirs during contrasted season, the case of Dau Tieng and Tri An, Vietnam
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Researchers found microplastics in the surface waters of two major Vietnamese reservoirs used for drinking water and irrigation, with concentrations influenced by nearby human activity and seasonal rainfall patterns. The findings suggest microplastics should be routinely monitored as a water quality parameter in tropical freshwater systems.
Micro-debris Accumulated in Marine Fishes Collected from Central Vietnam: Characteristics and Implication for Human Health Risk
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Examination of edible tissue from seven common marine fish species in Central Vietnam found micro-debris averaging 0.6–1.0 items per gram wet weight, predominantly fibers of rayon and PET smaller than 250 μm, translating to an estimated annual human intake of 33,000–50,000 items per person through fish consumption. This provides direct evidence of microplastic transfer from marine environments into the human food chain via seafood, quantifying a significant dietary exposure route for coastal populations.
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