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Influence of climate change on emerging pathogens and human immunity
Summary
This review discusses how climate change-driven shifts in temperature, precipitation, and extreme weather events are altering the distribution and virulence of emerging pathogens, with downstream consequences for human and animal immunity. The authors examine interactions between environmental change, pathogen adaptation, and immune function, arguing that climate mitigation is essential for maintaining disease resistance in human populations.
Global warming can be defined as the detectable increase in average global temperature in the last ten years regarding frequency and intensity. Climate change represents a long-term detectable climatic variability. The climatic system of the earth is disrupted because of the continuous production of greenhouse gases, which raises the risk of the emergence and re-emergence of human pathogens. In this review, we aimed to present the different mechanisms of climate change that increase human/pathogen exposure, introduce the recent concept of disaster microbiology, and discuss the effects of climate change on zoonoses as well as the effects of climate change on antibiotic resistance and human health.