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Bridging Nanomanufacturing and Artificial Intelligence—A Comprehensive Review
Summary
This review covers how artificial intelligence and machine learning are being applied to nanomanufacturing for medicine, robotics, and electronics. While not about microplastics directly, the AI-powered nanoscale detection and characterization methods discussed could be applied to identifying and quantifying nanoplastics in the environment and human tissue. Advances in nano-scale imaging and analysis driven by AI may eventually help researchers better understand human exposure to nanoplastics.
Nanomanufacturing and digital manufacturing (DM) are defining the forefront of the fourth industrial revolution-Industry 4.0-as enabling technologies for the processing of materials spanning several length scales. This review delineates the evolution of nanomaterials and nanomanufacturing in the digital age for applications in medicine, robotics, sensory technology, semiconductors, and consumer electronics. The incorporation of artificial intelligence (AI) tools to explore nanomaterial synthesis, optimize nanomanufacturing processes, and aid high-fidelity nanoscale characterization is discussed. This paper elaborates on different machine-learning and deep-learning algorithms for analyzing nanoscale images, designing nanomaterials, and nano quality assurance. The challenges associated with the application of machine- and deep-learning models to achieve robust and accurate predictions are outlined. The prospects of incorporating sophisticated AI algorithms such as reinforced learning, explainable artificial intelligence (XAI), big data analytics for material synthesis, manufacturing process innovation, and nanosystem integration are discussed.
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