Life Cycle Assessment of Single versus Multiple Use Medical Products: A Case Study of Steam Sterilization Packaging

<title>Abstract</title> Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical global environmental challenge, exacerbated by the extensive use of plastics in the healthcare industry. This study examines the environmental impacts of single-use plastic sterilization wraps versus reusable sterilization cases (RSCs) commonly used in operating theaters (OTs). We employ Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodologies to compare their life cycles, considering raw materials, production, use, and disposal phases. Our findings indicate that RSCs result in substantially lower environmental burdens compared to single-use wraps. Furthermore, we explore three circumstances: current practices, a future circumstance with renewable energy transitions, and an ideal "best case" circumstance integrating renewable energy and increased recycling potential of polypropylene (PP) fractions. Additionally, we assess practical implications for medical staff and facilities during product transitions, alongside considerations for expanding sorting practices for single-use medical PP products. This research addresses a gap in comparative analysis within the European context, offering insights to guide decision-makers in reducing plastic consumption in healthcare settings. Further studies of this nature are imperative to inform sustainable practices and policies in the healthcare sector.