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Part 2: Descriptions of the proposed Crawford Lake GSSP and supporting SABSs. The Anthropocene Epoch and Crawfordian Age: proposals by the Anthropocene Working Group
2024
8 citations
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Score: 45
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Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Colin N. Waters,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Colin N. Waters,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Michael Wagreich,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Colin N. Waters,
Colin N. Waters,
James P. M. Syvitski,
Colin N. Waters,
Anthony D. Barnosky,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Simon Turner,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Neil L. Rose,
Neil L. Rose,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Simon Turner,
Simon Turner,
Simon Turner,
Simon Turner,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Simon Turner,
Simon Turner,
Neil L. Rose,
Neil L. Rose,
Neil L. Rose,
Neil L. Rose,
Neil L. Rose,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Martin J. Head,
Colin N. Waters,
Colin N. Waters,
Colin N. Waters,
Colin N. Waters,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Simon Turner,
Neil L. Rose,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Simon Turner,
Mark Williams
Zhisheng An,
Colin N. Waters,
Mark Williams
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Jens Zinke,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Zhisheng An,
Neil L. Rose,
Zhisheng An,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Zhisheng An,
Michael Wagreich,
Simon Turner,
Martin J. Head,
Neil L. Rose,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Neil L. Rose,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Neil L. Rose,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Martin J. Head,
Michael Wagreich,
Anthony D. Barnosky,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Anthony D. Barnosky,
Anthony D. Barnosky,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Michael Wagreich,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Anthony D. Barnosky,
Colin Summerhayes,
Davor Vidas,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Yongming Han,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Colin Summerhayes,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Neil L. Rose,
Ian J. Fairchild,
Ian J. Fairchild,
Colin N. Waters,
Mark Williams
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Ian J. Fairchild,
Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Simon Turner,
Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł,
Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Colin Summerhayes,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Michael Wagreich,
Catherine Jeandel,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Reinhold Leinfelder,
Reinhold Leinfelder,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Jacques Grinevald,
Jacques Grinevald,
Jacques Grinevald,
Ian J. Fairchild,
Jacques Grinevald,
Jacques Grinevald,
Jacques Grinevald,
Irka Hajdas,
John McNeill,
John McNeill,
Neil L. Rose,
Irka Hajdas,
Irka Hajdas,
Irka Hajdas,
Martin J. Head,
Yongming Han,
Yoshiki Saito,
Yongming Han,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Yongming Han,
Yongming Han,
Reinhold Leinfelder,
Mark Williams
Martin J. Head,
Reinhold Leinfelder,
Colin Summerhayes,
John McNeill,
Martin J. Head,
Martin J. Head,
Anthony D. Barnosky,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Barbara Fiałkiewicz-Kozieł,
Clément Poirier,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Michael Wagreich,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Catherine Jeandel,
Zhisheng An,
Neil L. Rose,
Catherine Jeandel,
Catherine Jeandel,
Daniel D. Richter,
Mark Williams
James P. M. Syvitski,
William Shotyk,
Reinhold Leinfelder,
Reinhold Leinfelder,
Reinhold Leinfelder,
Наоми Орескес,
Francine M.G. McCarthy,
James P. M. Syvitski,
Agnieszka Gałuszka,
Michael Wagreich,
Francine M.G. McCarthy,
Francine M.G. McCarthy,
John McNeill,
John McNeill,
Francine M.G. McCarthy,
John McNeill,
Mark Williams
Catherine Jeandel,
Alejandro Cearreta,
Eric Odada,
Eric Odada,
Eric Odada,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Наоми Орескес,
Наоми Орескес,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Anthony D. Barnosky,
Наоми Орескес,
Clément Poirier,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Ian J. Fairchild,
Clément Poirier,
Clément Poirier,
Neil L. Rose,
John McNeill,
Daniel D. Richter,
Daniel D. Richter,
Daniel D. Richter,
Neil L. Rose,
Juliana A. Ivar do Sul,
Jens Zinke,
Neil L. Rose,
Neil L. Rose,
Yoshiki Saito,
Yoshiki Saito,
Yoshiki Saito,
William Shotyk,
Simon Turner,
William Shotyk,
William Shotyk,
William Shotyk,
Colin Summerhayes,
Colin Summerhayes,
Michael Wagreich,
Colin Summerhayes,
Jens Zinke,
James P. M. Syvitski,
James P. M. Syvitski,
James P. M. Syvitski,
Davor Vidas,
Davor Vidas,
Davor Vidas,
Michael Wagreich,
Michael Wagreich,
Michael Wagreich,
Mark Williams
Mark Williams
Mark Williams
Scott L. Wing,
Scott L. Wing,
Scott L. Wing,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Jens Zinke,
Jens Zinke,
Jens Zinke,
Andrew B. Cundy,
Yoshiki Saito,
Jacques Grinevald,
Jan Zalasiewicz,
Mark Williams
Summary
This paper provides detailed descriptions of the proposed Crawford Lake Global Boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) and supporting auxiliary boundary stratotype sections, presenting sedimentary evidence for the formal designation of the Anthropocene epoch. Key markers including plutonium fallout, fly ash, and synthetic plastic particles are documented in the lake sediments.
This part of the Anthropocene Working Group (AWG) submission proposes that the base of the Anthropocene should be defined as series/epoch, terminating the Holocene Series/Epoch with a single Crawfordian stage/age using a Global boundary Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) in an annually varved Crawford Lake core, Ontario, Canada, defined at 17.5 cm in core CRA23-BC-1F-B at the base of the dark lamina in a varve deposited in 1952 CE, at the level where the primary marker shows a rapid increase in 239+240Pu concentrations (coinciding with a globally recognisable, isochronous signal of the first above-ground thermonuclear tests). Secondary markers, determined in precisely correlated core closely adjacent to the proposed GSSP host, include a marked increase in 14C values and in spheroidal carbonaceous particles (SCPs), increased heavy metal concentrations, a decline in δ15N values, a marked change in phytoplankton assemblages and declines in elm (Ulmus) pollen and in non-arboreal pollen. The submission also provides descriptions of three proposed Standard Auxiliary Boundary Stratotypes (SABSs), in cores extracted from marine anoxic sediments of Beppu Bay (Japan), in Sihailongwan Maar Lake (China) and in the Śnieżka Peatland (Poland) and eight reference sections located in cores extracted from marine anoxic sediments in the Baltic Sea, from coral bioherms off Australia and in the Gulf of Mexico, from an Antarctic ice core, from San Francisco Estuary and nearby lake (USA), in a speleothem from northern Italy and a section in urban anthropogenic deposits in Austria. This ubiquity of signals verifies that the Anthropocene can be widely delineated as a sharply distinctive chronostratigraphic unit in diverse terrestrial and marine depositional environments, and reflects a major Earth System change that will have geologically lasting consequences.