Nanomaterials for the Catalytic Degradation and Detection of Microplastics: A Review

Microplastics are commonly synthesized through deliberate manufacturing processes or arise from inadequate handling or processing of vast synthetic polymer materials, such as plastic packaging. The occurrence of microplastic pollution has been extensively reported worldwide, encompassing aquatic environments, atmospheric realms, and even within the anatomical structures of humans that is why microplastics removal has a lot of significance for cleaner environment. This review examines the significant role of nanomaterials in catalysing the degradation of microplastics, addressing the pressing need for efficient remediation methods. This study emphasizes the benefits of nanomaterials in the degradation of different types of microplastics and examines the mechanisms of oxidative, photocatalytic, and enzymatic degradation, highlighting their applicability in laboratory research and real-world scenarios. Our review also discusses the environmental consequences, safety considerations, and future prospects of nanomaterials, including emerging types and challenges related to scalability. In conclusion, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms and insights related to the problem was given, which can be valuable in improving the efficiency of catalytic processes for the removal of these microplastics.