A Comparison of new and age-old approaches treating microplastics in the marine environment

In recent years, microplastic pollution in the ocean has become a new environmental threat, posing a serious potential threat to marine ecology. Due to its high degradation resistance and bioaccumulation, it is an urgent and critical issue for the environment. Unfortunately, current technologies for removing, recycling, or degrading microplastics are not sufficient to eliminate them. The main sources of microplastics (MPs) in the ocean are ocean drift inputs, river inputs, fishing and shipping activities, microplastic emissions from human settlements, and atmospheric migration. Microplastics may pose a threat to marine life and affect the stability of marine ecosystems. Therefore, it is urgent to further study governance methods and analysis processes, and strengthen the source control of marine microplastic pollution. This study aims to analyze and discuss different methods for treating marine microplastics, analyze their respective advantages and limitations, and evaluate their feasibility and effectiveness in practical applications. The study ultimately emphasized the importance of effective management of marine microplastics, which is crucial for protecting marine ecosystems and human health. Through a comprehensive analysis of physical, chemical, and biological methods, this study provides valuable insights for marine environmental management and research institutions, thereby promoting the development and application of effective management technologies to achieve sustainable environmental outcomes.