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Microplásticos, ambiente y salud humana. Una revisión a nivel global
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A systematic literature review of over 11,000 articles on microplastics in water, soil, and human health found that microplastics contaminate aquifers, harm marine ecosystems, and affect the respiratory and digestive systems of people, with the authors calling for more research on human health effects.
In the world, microplastics represent a growing environmental concern due to their resistance and consequent contamination of ecosystems. This review resorted to the ScienceDirect platform as a database to analyze the topic in the environment context and the human being, using the systematic literature review methodology, specifically research articles, with the search equations AND , AND , AND between 2018 and 2023. Based on the literature review, a total of 11 795 articles were obtained between research (9 814) and review (1 981); regarding microplastics in the water, the search yielded a total of 5 504 writings; in the case of soils, 3 900 articles were found, and regarding human health, 4 848 documents. It was identified that the contamination of this compound in the soil factor decreases water retention and contaminates aquifers; it also causes negative impacts on marine ecosystems since one of the origins of microplastics is the secondary one, which degrades large plastic objects in the sea, such as bags, bottles, fishing nets, and releases into the environment different additives such as heavy metals, phthalates, among others, affecting the environment, the aquatic biota, but also the respiratory and digestive system of people; therefore, there is a need for further research on the presence and possible effects of microplastics in soil, water, and human beings.
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