Potential of Nanocellulose for Microplastic removal: Perspective and challenges

The omnipresence of microplastic pollution in the environment has become a main challenge in recent years. One of the primary concerns is the ecotoxicological impact of microplastics on marine ecosystems, as well as the potential risk to humans related to the accumulation of microplastics in the body. Although it has not yet been scientifically proven, their presence in drinking water is a main concern. Studies have shown various strategies and new material development approaches for effectively removing microplastics. Recently, nanocellulose has emerged as a promising bionanomaterial for wastewater treatment. The purpose of this review is to introduce the potential of nanocellulose for microplastic removal. This study consists of three main points: the synthesis method of nanocellulose, the fundamentals of nanocellulose, and the use of these materials for capturing and removing microplastics. In addition, the potential of nanocellulose for antifouling has also been demonstrated. We also provide information regarding the source, fate, and transportation of microplastics in the environment and how to detect them to obtain a better understanding of how microplastics behave and ultimately end up in drinking water systems. Furthermore, we also discuss major challenges and future perspectives concerning the applications of nanocellulose-based materials in microplastic removal. Overall, nanocellulose is a versatile material and further research should be carried out to explore nanocellulose potential to meet the specific requirements for microplastic removal.