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D-Limonene: Promising and Sustainable Natural Bioactive Compound
Summary
This review covers D-limonene, a natural compound found in citrus essential oils, which shows promise as an antimicrobial and anti-parasitic agent that could replace some synthetic chemicals. While not directly about microplastics, the development of natural bioactive alternatives is relevant to reducing reliance on plastic-packaged chemical products and their associated environmental contamination.
The discovery of antibiotics and pesticides has greatly contributed to the social and economic development of human society but, due to the long-term irrational application, it has led to drug-resistant microorganisms, environmental damage, and other hazards, so the selection of alternative natural, safe, and non-hazardous bioactive substances is an effective solution for this problem. D-limonene is a bioactive compound widely present in various plant essential oils, exhibiting excellent broad-spectrum bioactivity and promising prospects for development and clinical application. This review provides a detailed overview of the biological activities of D-limonene, emphasizing its antimicrobial, anthelmintic, insecticidal, and medicinal potential. While nanoencapsulation technology shows promise in improving the physicochemical properties of D-limonene and enhancing its practical applications, it is also crucial to comprehensively evaluate the potential side effects of D-limonene before use.
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