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Soil Microplastic Pollution and Microbial Breeding Techniques for Green Degradation: A Review
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This review examines biodegradation as a green approach to breaking down microplastic pollution in soil, focusing on microbial breeding techniques that enhance the degradation capabilities of bacteria and fungi. Researchers surveyed methods including adaptive laboratory evolution, genetic engineering, and consortium design to improve microbial efficiency against various plastic types. The study highlights the promise of engineered microbial communities as a sustainable alternative to physical and chemical remediation methods.
Microplastics (MPs), found in many places around the world, are thought to be more detrimental than other forms of plastics. At present, physical, chemical, and biological methods are being used to break down MPs. Compared with physical and chemical methods, biodegradation methods have been extensively studied by scholars because of their advantages of greenness and sustainability. There have been numerous reports in recent years summarizing the microorganisms capable of degrading MPs. However, there is a noticeable absence of a systematic summary on the technology for breeding strains that can degrade MPs. This paper summarizes the strain-breeding technology of MP-degrading strains for the first time in a systematic way, which provides a new idea for the breeding of efficient MP-degrading strains. Meanwhile, potential techniques for breeding bacteria that can degrade MPs are proposed, providing a new direction for selecting and breeding MP-degrading bacteria in the future. In addition, this paper reviews the sources and pollution status of soil MPs, discusses the current challenges related to the biodegradation of MPs, and emphasizes the safety of MP biodegradation.
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Researchers reviewed emerging bioremediation strategies for removing microplastics from contaminated soil, highlighting the roles of plants, root-zone microbes, soil animals like earthworms, and specialized bacteria and fungi that can use enzymes to break down plastic polymers into harmless compounds. While genetic engineering of microbes shows promise for accelerating degradation, the review notes that real-world application at scale still requires significant research and development.
Application of green microbiology for microplastic remediation: Current progress and future perspectives
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This review explores how microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi, can be harnessed to break down microplastic pollution through environmentally friendly biodegradation approaches. Researchers summarized current progress in identifying plastic-degrading microbes and the enzymes they use. The study highlights the promise of green microbiology as a sustainable strategy for tackling microplastic contamination, while noting that significant technical challenges remain.
Microbial remediation of microplastic-contaminated soil, focusing on mechanisms, benefits, and research gaps
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This systematic review examines microbial bioremediation of microplastic-contaminated soils, covering the sources and distribution of soil microplastics, their physicochemical interactions with soil microbiomes, and the mechanisms by which soil-dwelling bacteria and fungi degrade plastic polymers.
Microbial Strain Engineering for Microplastics Removal in Soils
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This book chapter reviews how microbial strains can be engineered or selected for enhanced plastic-degrading capability, examining the enzymes involved in polymer breakdown and the prospects for deploying engineered microbes in soil remediation applications.
Soil Microplastic Remediation: Exploring the Role of Microorganism/PGPR in Sustainable Cleanup
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This review explored the role of microorganisms and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) in bioremediation of microplastic-contaminated soils, summarizing evidence that microbial communities can degrade or immobilize plastic particles and discussing practical strategies for field application.
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