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Environmental Contaminants Remediation from Real Domestic Wastewater through a Canna-Based Bioretention Engineered System
Summary
Researchers tested a plant-based bioretention system using Canna plants to treat real domestic wastewater and found it effectively removed a range of contaminants, including microplastics, while producing water suitable for aquaculture. The results suggest low-cost constructed wetland approaches can serve both pollution cleanup and sustainable water reuse goals.
Wastewater treatment using constructed wetlands (CW) has received tremendous scientific interest. However, its relevance to sustainable resource management with circular economy generation has not been adequately explored. The present study has been conducted to evaluate the performance of a bioretention engineered system (BS) treating domestic wastewater (capacity: 3000 L/day) regarding pollutant removal and use of treated water for aquaculture study. The performance of the BS was intended to assess the impact of 24-h hydraulic retention time (HRT) for 1 year for parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), total suspended solids (TSS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), NH4+-N, PO43−-P, NO3−-N, NO2−-N, parasite count, and microplastic presence. The use of the treated water for aquaculture practice was also investigated. To determine fish quality, we compared toxicity tests performed on harvested and market fish. During the investigation, nearly 71.4% (COD), 78.7% (BOD), 85% (TSS), 100% (Parasite egg), 65.5% (PO43−-P), 74.7% (NH4+-N), 58.5% (NO3−-N), and 70.4% (NO2−-N) were removed. The efficiency of the BS was validated using correlation and principal component analysis (PCA). This study used TGA and XRD analyses to ensure plant growth and inorganic pollutant mineralization. The water quality of the fish ponds designed with the outflow of the BS for farming catfish and tilapia was suitable. It was found that harvested fish had more excellent health than market-bought fish. Hence, BS acts as sustainable approach for domestic wastewater treatment and use for aquaculture.