Metal Oxide-based Nanoparticles for Environmental Remediation: Drawbacks and Opportunities

The use of structured metal oxide-based nanoparticles for environmental proposals arises from the adverse impact of human industrial activities that threaten the fragile balance of the environment. These nanomaterials characterized by their chemical and mechanical stability, modifiable bandgap, remarkable textural features, and notable optoelectronic properties have an important role in removing pollutants from the environment. Metal oxide-based nanoparticles have demonstrated remarkable capabilities by removing pollutants such as herbicides, microplastics, dyes, pesticides, antibiotics, microbial organisms, and heavy metals. Additionally, these materials can be incorporated into sensing devices for real-time monitoring and identification of pollutants in air, water, and soil, facilitating environmental risk assessment and pollution control. Nevertheless, the successful implementation of semiconductor nanoparticles faces drawbacks and challenges, including scalability, cost-effectiveness, and potential environmental impacts, necessitating thorough consideration. Ongoing research and development efforts are crucial to further explore the potential of semiconductor nanoparticles for practical solutions. The anticipated growth in the use of these nanomaterials in various commercial applications foresees a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future. Thus, this document aims to present how nanoparticles with diverse forms and adjustable physicochemical properties are a tool to conserve the ecological balance.