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First occurrence and risk assessment of microplastics in enteral nutrition formulas

Food and Chemical Toxicology 2024 11 citations ? Citation count from OpenAlex, updated daily. May differ slightly from the publisher's own count. Score: 60 ? 0–100 AI score estimating relevance to the microplastics field. Papers below 30 are filtered from public browse.

Ülgen Aytan, Burhan Başaran Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Burhan Başaran Burhan Başaran Yasemen Şentürk, Yasemen Şentürk, Burhan Başaran Burhan Başaran Burhan Başaran Burhan Başaran Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Yasemen Şentürk, Burhan Başaran Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Burhan Başaran Yasemen Şentürk, Burhan Başaran Burhan Başaran Ülgen Aytan, Yasemen Şentürk, Yasemen Şentürk, Yasemen Şentürk, Yasemen Şentürk, Yasemen Şentürk, Yasemen Şentürk, Yasemen Şentürk, Yasemen Şentürk, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Burhan Başaran Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Burhan Başaran Ülgen Aytan, Burhan Başaran Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Ülgen Aytan, Burhan Başaran

Summary

For the first time, researchers tested enteral nutrition formulas (liquid nutrition given to hospital patients through a tube) and found an average of 45 microplastic particles per liter. Patients could be ingesting 24 to 76 microplastic particles per day depending on their formula intake, with some polymers carrying high hazard risk scores. This is particularly concerning because these products are given to people who are already in vulnerable health conditions.

Models

Human

Occurrence and characteristics of microplastics were evaluated in enteral nutrition formulas, for the first time. A total of 30 samples belonging to 9 brands were analysed. Physical and chemical characteristics of microplastics were identified by stereomicroscopy and micro-raman spectroscopy, respectively. The mean number of microplastics was 45 ± 63 MP/L. Two different shapes of microplastics were detected with fibres (62%) being the most common microplastics followed by fragments (38%). The most common color of microplastics was black (37%) followed by blue (26%), orange (15%), green (7%), red (7%), grey (4%) and multicolor (4%). The length of microplastics ranged from 10 to 2086 μm with an average of 548 ± 526 μm. Estimated mean daily microplastic intake for four different scenarios varied between 24 to 61 and 30 to 76 MPs/day for women and men, respectively. The mean polymer hazard index and microplastic load index levels were calculated as 380 and 1.30, respectively. The results of this study showed that microplastics are prevalent in enteral nutrition products. The presence of polymers with high hazard risk scores in enteral nutrition formulas may pose a risk to the health of patients with special nutritional needs.

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