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Effect of Immersion Time on CA/NMP Membrane Preparation for Microplastic Separation in Water
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This study developed and tested cellulose acetate microfiltration membranes for removing microplastics from water, finding that immersion time during fabrication significantly affects the membrane's pore structure and filtration performance. Optimizing membrane technology offers a practical pathway toward cost-effective microplastic removal in water treatment, particularly relevant for countries like Indonesia with high plastic waste burdens.
Indonesia produces more than 4.8 million tons of plastic waste every year, but it has not been managed properly so that it will end up in Indonesian waters. This plastic waste is then decomposed into microplastics (MPs) which are <5 mm in size. The presence of MPs in Indonesian waters can have a negative impact on living things, so it needs to be separated from the waters. One method that is considered to separate MPs in water is microfiltration using Membrane Technology. This study aims to determine the effect of immersion time on the characteristics and performance of microfiltration membranes. The fabrication of membrane was prepared using phase inversion method, with Cellulose Acetate (CA)/N-Methyl-2Pyrrolidone (NMP) as polymer/solvent and distilled water as non-solvent. Characteristics analysis to determine the hydrophilicity of the membrane such as contact angle, moisture content, porosity and pore size of the membrane. Scanning Electrone Microscope (SEM) to determine the surface morphology and structure of the membrane, and analysis of microplastic rejection in water. The results of the characteristic analysis showed that the membrane was hydrophilic with a contact angle in the range of 61-53°, porosity of 80-83%, moisture content of 79-82% and pore size of 8.4-5.8 μm in accordance with the microfiltration membrane, as well as the membrane rejection ability reached 99%. So that membrane technology needs to be developed again to separate MPs in water.
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Fabrication and Characterization of Cellulose Acetat / N-Methyl Pyrollidon Membrane for Microplastics Separation in Water
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Researchers fabricated cellulose acetate membranes using N-methyl pyrrolidone as solvent via the phase inversion method and examined how immersion time during membrane formation affects the characteristics and microplastic removal performance of the resulting flat sheet microfiltration membranes. The study aims to optimize membrane manufacturing parameters for efficient microplastics separation from water.
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Researchers tested three types of filter membranes (polycarbonate, cellulose acetate, and PTFE) for removing microplastics from water in a simple low-cost household system, finding all achieved over 94% removal by mass but that some plastic particles broke into smaller pieces during filtration. Cellulose acetate membranes performed best for long-term home use, offering a practical approach for reducing microplastic exposure from tap water.
Investigations on the Particle Fouling and Backwash Efficiency During Microplastic Microfiltration–Particle Size Aspects
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Researchers characterised polystyrene microplastic microfiltration through cellulose acetate membranes, testing particle and pore sizes in comparable ranges to challenge dead-end filtration. Particle size relative to pore size strongly influenced fouling behaviour, and backwashing efficiency varied with particle characteristics, informing filtration system design for MP removal.
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This study tested the effect of different operating pressures and spacer configurations on the performance of a ceramic microfiltration membrane used for drinking water treatment. While not directly about microplastics, membrane filtration technology is relevant to removing plastic particles from water supplies.
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