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Microplastic contamination of bryophytes: A review on mechanisms and impacts
Summary
This systematic review of 11 studies found that microplastics and nanoplastics interact with bryophytes through adsorption and internalization, potentially disrupting ecosystem functions including nutrient cycling, soil formation, and water balance. Bryophytes — often used as bioindicators — may reveal the extent of plastic pollution in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems.
This systematic review investigates the interactions of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) with bryophytes, incorporating findings from 11 articles identified through a comprehensive database search using a combination of keywords. The review explores mechanisms such as adsorption and internalization by which MPs and NPs are present in bryophytes and examines the ecological ramifications, including changes in bryophyte community structure and impacts on ecosystem functions such as nutrient cycling, soil formation, habitat provision, water balance, and erosion control. Despite providing valuable insights, this review highlights several critical knowledge gaps that warrant further investigation. Future research should address the following areas: the long-term effects of MPs and NPs on bryophyte health and survival, the mechanisms of MP and NP uptake and translocation within bryophytes, and the broader ecological consequences of plastic pollution on bryophyte-dominated ecosystems. Additionally, studies should explore the effectiveness of various mitigation and management strategies, including advanced waste management techniques and innovative technologies, in reducing plastic pollution and protecting these vital ecosystems.