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Fate of Plastics in the Ocean Environment: The Plastic Odyssey
Summary
This work traces the full lifecycle of plastic debris in marine environments — from land-based and ocean-based entry points through fragmentation, UV degradation, biofouling, and deep-sea accumulation — synthesizing the physical and chemical processes that govern plastic fate in the ocean. Understanding these transport and degradation pathways is critical for predicting where microplastics concentrate in marine food webs and designing effective interventions to prevent their accumulation in seafood and ocean ecosystems.
Plastic pollution has emerged as a critical threat to marine ecosystems. Plastic debris enters the aquatic environment primarily through land-based sources, including rivers and coastal regions, but also from marine-based activities and atmospheric transport....