Monitoring of Emerging Environmental Contaminants Using Bio-Indicators

Devaguptapu Krishna Spuritha; T E V Krishna; Dheeraj William Watkins

doi:10.1007/978-3-032-10432-8_4

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Monitoring of Emerging Environmental Contaminants Using Bio-Indicators

Emerging contaminants and associated treatment technologies 2026

Devaguptapu Krishna Spuritha, T E V Krishna, Dheeraj William Watkins

Summary

This review evaluates how living organisms—from algae and invertebrates to fish and plants—serve as bio-indicators for detecting emerging contaminants including microplastics, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals in the environment. Biological monitoring complements chemical analysis by capturing the cumulative, real-world exposure that organisms experience, providing a more ecologically meaningful picture of pollution impacts on ecosystems and the food chain.

Emerging environmental contaminants (EECs) such as personal care products, pharmaceuticals, microplastics, heavy metals, and industrial chemicals are causing problem to ecosystem and mankind due to their persistence, low degradation, and low regulatory conditions....

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